{"id":15930,"date":"2022-10-01T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=15930"},"modified":"2026-05-21T17:04:42","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T15:04:42","slug":"ako-hovorit-o-klime-sucho-na-slovensku-namiesto-ladovych-medvedov-a-nadej-namiesto-strachu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/ako-hovorit-o-klime-sucho-na-slovensku-namiesto-ladovych-medvedov-a-nadej-namiesto-strachu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako hovori\u0165 o\u00a0kl\u00edme? Sucho na\u00a0Slovensku namiesto \u013eadov\u00fdch medve\u010fov a\u00a0n\u00e1dej namiesto strachu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Ru\u017e\u00edn\"
Vyschnut\u00e1 priehrada Ru\u017e\u00edn, august 2022. Foto: Peter Hanzes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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N\u00e1\u0161 mozog evolu\u010dne nie je pripraven\u00fd na tento typ v\u00fdzvy. Ak nechceme pri komunik\u00e1cii o\u00a0kl\u00edme opakova\u0165 star\u00e9 chyby, treba po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 psychol\u00f3gov a\u00a0sociol\u00f3gov.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Minul\u00fd rok na jese\u0148 v Lond\u00fdne klimatick\u00ed aktivisti z hnutia Insulate Britain blokovali prem\u00e1vku. Touto formou ob\u010dianskej neposlu\u0161nosti chceli prin\u00fati\u0165 vl\u00e1du, aby zateplila n\u00e1jomn\u00e9 bytovky. Pomohlo by to kl\u00edme aj obyvate\u013eom t\u00fdch bytov, ktor\u00ed patria medzi zranite\u013enej\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 obyvate\u013estva. Mnoh\u00ed Lond\u00fdn\u010dania formou protestu nad\u0161en\u00ed neboli. Nevedeli sa dosta\u0165 do pr\u00e1ce, \u0161koly \u010di do nemocnice. Frustrovan\u00e1 \u0161of\u00e9rka dokonca takmer pre\u0161la autom<\/a> dve demon\u0161trantky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1my spisovate\u013e, novin\u00e1r a environment\u00e1lny aktivista George Monbiot bol pozvan\u00fd do telev\u00edznej \u0161ou Good morning Britain, aby komentoval kontroverzn\u00e9 protesty. Monbiot hnutie obhajoval. Ako u\u017e mnoho kr\u00e1t predt\u00fdm, za\u010dal vysvet\u013eova\u0165, \u017ee sme bl\u00edzko bodu zlomu, po ktorom hroz\u00ed kolaps a Zem sa stane neob\u00fdvate\u013enou. Len\u017ee tentokr\u00e1t ho premohlo z\u00fafalstvo a v priamom prenose sa rozplakal<\/a>. \u201e\u010co treba zmeni\u0165, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd c\u00edtil to, \u010do vy?\u201c sp\u00fdtala sa moder\u00e1torka. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"Monbiot\"
Ot\u00e1zka, ktor\u00fa si klad\u00fa mnoh\u00ed – ako prekona\u0165 priepas\u0165 medzi \u013eu\u010fmi ako Monbiot a t\u00fdmi, pod\u013ea ktor\u00fdch je pla\u010d nad klimatickou kr\u00edzou prehnanou reakciou? Zdroj: Youtube<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Len d\u00e1ta a \u010d\u00edsla \u013eu\u010fmi nepohn\u00fa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dlho panovala predstava, \u017ee \u013eu\u010fom treba jednoducho doda\u0165 dos\u0165 inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a oni sa z\u00e1konite za\u010dn\u00fa o klimatick\u00fa kr\u00edzu zauj\u00edma\u0165. Hovor\u00ed sa tomu \u201emodel informa\u010dn\u00e9ho deficitu\u201c. Neberie v\u0161ak do \u00favahy em\u00f3cie, kognit\u00edvne skreslenia a predsudky \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na to, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom inform\u00e1cie spracujeme a \u010do si z nich vyberieme. Preto tento model viacer\u00ed odborn\u00edci kritizuj\u00fa. \u201eKognit\u00edvna psychol\u00f3gia dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee d\u00e1ta nein\u0161piruj\u00fa ani nepoh\u00fd\u0148aj\u00fa \u013eud\u00ed k \u010dinnosti. \u0160tatistiky a ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla je pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eud\u00ed \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 str\u00e1vi\u0165,\u201c <\/em>p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> Maria Virginia Olano, riadite\u013eka pre komunik\u00e1ciu americkej mimovl\u00e1dky Climate Xchange. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovensk\u00fd prieskum verejnej mienky o kl\u00edme z tohto roku<\/a> zase uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee aj pri neznalosti sa \u013eudia m\u00f4\u017eu o kl\u00edmu zauj\u00edma\u0165. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina Slov\u00e1kov si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee zmena kl\u00edmy u\u017e prebieha, s\u00fahlas\u00ed s t\u00fdm, \u017ee ju sp\u00f4sobili \u013eudia a \u017ee aj Slovensko by malo proti nej bojova\u0165. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale nepoznaj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 s\u00favislosti. Vy\u0161e 70 % \u013eud\u00ed si napr\u00edklad mysl\u00ed, \u017ee diera v oz\u00f3novej vrstve prispieva k zmene kl\u00edmy a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch takmer 18 % nevedelo odpoveda\u0165, \u010di m\u00e1 tak\u00fdto vplyv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejde o to, aby sme pri komunik\u00e1cii o zmene kl\u00edmy rezignovali na fakty. Sk\u00f4r treba ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti r\u00f4zne bari\u00e9ry \u013eudskej psychiky, ktor\u00e9 vedci doteraz identifikovali. Preh\u013eadne ich zhrnul v publik\u00e1cii Klima se m\u011bn\u00ed – a co my?<\/a> \u010desk\u00fd psychol\u00f3g Jan Krajhanzl, ktor\u00fd sa t\u00e9me venuje a podie\u013eal sa aj na v\u00fdskumoch verejnej mienky o zmene kl\u00edmy, vr\u00e1tane toho slovensk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Hrozba pre medvede. A \u010do \u013eudia?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jednak ide o pr\u00edli\u0161 vzdialen\u00fd a pomal\u00fd probl\u00e9m. \u010cloveku je prirodzen\u00e9 reagova\u0165 sk\u00f4r na to, \u010do ho ohrozuje tu a teraz – napr\u00edklad plame\u0148 preskakuj\u00faci zo spor\u00e1ka na z\u00e1ves. Dlhodobo postupuj\u00faca zmena kl\u00edmy, ktor\u00e1 je pre mnoh\u00fdch nehmatate\u013en\u00e1, je \u00faplne opa\u010dn\u00fdm typom hrozby. Dojem vzdialen\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu sa e\u0161te posilnil nevhodnou prezent\u00e1ciou. Obraz \u013eadov\u00e9ho medve\u010fa na topiacej sa kryhe, ktor\u00fd sa stal jedn\u00fdm zo symbolov zmeny kl\u00edmy, v skuto\u010dnosti spravil boju proti nej doslova medvediu slu\u017ebu a dnes ho odborn\u00edci kritizuj\u00fa. Vyvol\u00e1va dojem, \u017ee tento probl\u00e9m sa t\u00fdka pr\u00edrody, navy\u0161e geograficky vzdialenej. Ovplyvnilo to aj Slov\u00e1kov. V tohtoro\u010dnom v\u00fdskume<\/a> o ich postojoch ku kl\u00edme si takmer polovica z op\u00fdtan\u00fdch myslela, \u017ee zmenou kl\u00edmy s\u00fa z cel\u00e9ho sveta najviac ohrozen\u00e9 \u013eadov\u00e9 medvede v Arkt\u00edde. Zhruba 30% nevedelo, \u010di je tvrdenie pravdiv\u00e9. Ako p\u00ed\u0161e Maria Virginia Olano z Climate Xchange, v\u00fdskumy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee zmena kl\u00edmy je pre mnoh\u00fdch abstraktnou t\u00e9mou, z ktorej sme vynechali \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"polar
Fotka \u013eadov\u00fdch medve\u010fov na topiacej sa kryhe posil\u0148uje dojem, \u017ee zmena kl\u00edmy je vzdialen\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd sa net\u00fdka \u013eud\u00ed. Foto: Jessica Robertson, U.S. Geological Survey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Dobr\u00fd pocit ako motiv\u00e1cia nesta\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Komunik\u00e1ciu o zmene kl\u00edmy komplikuje aj to, \u017ee sa bor\u00edme s pr\u00edli\u0161 zlo\u017eit\u00fdm a ohrozuj\u00facim probl\u00e9mom, hovor\u00ed Krajhanzl. Nie je to jednoduch\u00fd typ zadania ako napr\u00edklad v\u00fdmena prasknutej \u017eiarovky. \u013dudstvo sa ani len nevie na 100% zhodn\u00fa\u0165 na rie\u0161eniach tejto kr\u00edzy, nehovoriac o tom, \u017ee tie z\u010faleka prekra\u010duj\u00fa mo\u017enosti jednotlivca. Vyvol\u00e1va to frustr\u00e1ciu, strach, \u00fazkos\u0165 \u010di depresiu. Negat\u00edvne em\u00f3cie \u013eudia r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi potl\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa, aby sa probl\u00e9mom nemuseli zaobera\u0165, napr\u00edklad takzvan\u00fdm konfirma\u010dn\u00fdm skreslen\u00edm. Vtedy si vyber\u00fa len tie d\u00f4kazy, ktor\u00e9 ich utvrdia v ich doteraj\u0161om presved\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokonca aj samotn\u00e9 obete klimatick\u00fdch katastrof pod\u013ea odborn\u00edka na komunik\u00e1ciu o klimatickej kr\u00edze, Georga Marshalla, m\u00f4\u017eu t\u00fato t\u00e9mu vytesni\u0165. V knihe Don’t even think about it: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Ignore Climate Change (Ani na to nemyslite: Pre\u010do n\u00e1\u0161 mozog ignoruje klimatick\u00fa zmenu) opisuje svoje rozhovory s Ameri\u010danmi, ktor\u00ed za\u017eili bezprecedentn\u00fd po\u017eiar \u010di hurik\u00e1n. Pod\u013ea neho t\u00fa\u017eili po norm\u00e1le a bezpe\u010d\u00ed a svoju sk\u00fasenos\u0165 preto nezasadzovali do r\u00e1mca zmeny kl\u00edmy. \u201eKe\u010f sa pustia do obnovy \u017eivota po pohrome, investuj\u00fa nielen \u00faspory, ale aj tie\u017e n\u00e1dej do viery, \u017ee i\u0161lo o ojedinel\u00fd, prirodzen\u00fd v\u00fdkyv,\u201c <\/em>p\u00ed\u0161e Marshall. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako \u010fal\u0161iu bari\u00e9ru \u013eudskej psychiky uv\u00e1dza Krajhanzl to, \u017ee zmena kl\u00edmy polarizuje spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Ka\u017ed\u00fd patr\u00ed do nejakej \u201ebubliny\u201c a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 kl\u00edmu, ak je to v rozpore hodnotami, politick\u00fdm presved\u010den\u00edm \u010di \u017eivotn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom v skupine, s ktorou sa \u010dlovek identifikuje. Napr\u00edklad v USA je spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdrazne rozdelen\u00e1 – republik\u00e1ni s\u00fa vo\u010di ochrane kl\u00edmy skeptick\u00ed, demokrati naopak. Situ\u00e1cia pripom\u00edna kult\u00farnu vojnu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A napokon, probl\u00e9mom zmeny kl\u00edmy pod\u013ea Krajhanzla je aj to, \u017ee zodpovednos\u0165 za rie\u0161enie je rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e1. Dosiahnu\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd cie\u013e vy\u017eaduje osobn\u00fa obe\u0165 alebo invest\u00edciu, z ktorej bud\u00fa profitova\u0165 v\u0161etci, ale ch\u00fdba z\u00e1ruka, \u017ee prispej\u00fa aj ostatn\u00ed. Zaprie\u0165 sa len pre dobr\u00fd pocit pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eud\u00ed ako motiv\u00e1cia nesta\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ako prekona\u0165 tieto bari\u00e9ry? Nestra\u0161i\u0165 a nez\u013eah\u010dova\u0165<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V prvom rade treba ukazova\u0165, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 zmena sa odohr\u00e1va tu a teraz, nielen v Arkt\u00edde. \u201e\u0160\u0165astie v ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00ed je, \u017ee u\u017e s\u00fa tie probl\u00e9my vidite\u013en\u00e9. \u010ci je to sucho, r\u00f4zne extr\u00e9my po\u010dasia, tie dopady pri\u0161li aj k n\u00e1m,<\/em>\u201c hovor\u00ed aktivista Jakub Hrb\u00e1\u0148 z iniciat\u00edvy Kl\u00edma \u0165a potrebuje. Pod\u013ea neho je najvhodnej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom v na\u0161ich podmienkach sucho, ktor\u00e9 bolo tento rok obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 a evidentn\u00e9, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa klimatol\u00f3govia jasne zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee ide o prejav zmeny kl\u00edmy. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"shutterstock\"
Zmena kl\u00edmy sa deje tu a teraz. Pre kr\u00edzu a \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie sucho vzrast\u00e1 frekvencia po\u017eiarov. Toto leto horel aj les v \u010ceskom \u0160vaj\u010diarsku. Zdroj: Shutterstock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u010eal\u0161ia rada odborn\u00edkov znie: nestra\u0161i\u0165. Hrozba klimatickej kr\u00edzy je dostato\u010dne desiv\u00e1 sama o sebe a to nefunguje ako motiva\u010dn\u00fd faktor. V spom\u00ednanom prieskume o postojoch Slov\u00e1kov k ochrane kl\u00edmy v\u00fdskumn\u00edci testovali r\u00f4zne narat\u00edvy o zmene kl\u00edmy a tom, pre\u010do ju treba za\u010da\u0165 chr\u00e1ni\u0165. Katastrofick\u00fd narat\u00edv postaven\u00fd na obraze horiacej plan\u00e9ty a vymieraj\u00facich druhoch zvierat a rastl\u00edn \u013eudia pova\u017eovali za najnesympatickej\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nem\u00e1 zmysel kr\u00edzu ani z\u013eah\u010dova\u0165, o hrozbe treba hovori\u0165 vecne a ukazova\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 sa u\u017e implementuj\u00fa, pokrok, ktor\u00fd sa u\u017e dosiahol a pr\u00edklady dobrej praxe. Na ochranu kl\u00edmy nepom\u00e1ha apelova\u0165 moralizovan\u00edm, ale ako hovor\u00ed Krajhanzl, \u201eh\u013eada\u0165 motiv\u00e1cie \u0161it\u00e9 na mieru r\u00f4znym cie\u013eov\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m.\u201c<\/em> Niekto m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 na to, \u017ee ukon\u010denie spa\u013eovania uhlia povedie k \u010distej\u0161iemu ovzdu\u0161iu, ktor\u00e9 nebude ohrozova\u0165 zdravie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predstavitelia \u010desk\u00e9ho klimatick\u00e9ho hnutia v publik\u00e1cii Klimavize<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 by\u0165 podkladom pre strategick\u00e9 myslenie hnutia, klad\u00fa d\u00f4raz na prechod od mor\u00e1lneho apelu na jednotlivcov k tlaku na syst\u00e9mov\u00fa zmenu – aby bol udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl logickou vo\u013ebou. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\"flickr\"
Treba ukazova\u0165 rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 sa u\u017e implementuj\u00fa. Jedn\u00fdm z nich je udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1 mobilita v Kodani. Foto: Colville-Andersen <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Na zamestnancov ropn\u00e9ho priemyslu treba \u00eds\u0165 inak<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hodnoty, presved\u010denie a mo\u017en\u00e9 skreslenia cie\u013eovej skupiny treba bra\u0165 do \u00favahy a r\u00e1mcovanie t\u00e9my im prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165. Mimovl\u00e1dka Climate Outreach, ktor\u00fa zalo\u017eil spom\u00ednan\u00fd autor George Marshall, dlhodobo pracuje na projektoch, ktor\u00e9 participat\u00edvnym sp\u00f4sobom h\u013eadaj\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 narat\u00edvy pre r\u00f4zne cie\u013eov\u00e9 skupiny v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach sveta. Pracovala napr\u00edklad s komunitami v kanadskej Alberte, kde s\u00fa lo\u017eisk\u00e1 dechtov\u00fdch pieskov. Ropn\u00fd a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd priemysel zamestn\u00e1va mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v regi\u00f3ne. Mimovl\u00e1dka po rozhovoroch s miestnymi napr\u00edklad odpor\u00fa\u010da kl\u00e1s\u0165 d\u00f4raz na potrebu diverzifik\u00e1cie miestnej ekonomiky, ktor\u00e1 je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na rope, a nie na argument, \u017ee spa\u013eovanie fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv ni\u010d\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podobnou cie\u013eovou skupinou s\u00fa \u013eudia z Hornej Nitry, ktor\u00ed pre \u00fatlm uhlia prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa o pr\u00e1cu. V Handlovej v\u010faka eurofondom be\u017e\u00ed projekt \u201ePodpora zamestnate\u013enosti v regi\u00f3ne horn\u00e1 Nitra\u201c, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho funguje Kontaktn\u00e9 centrum Handlov\u00e1. Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u0160ujan z centra vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee v komunik\u00e1cii s ban\u00edkmi vyzdvihuj\u00fa aj pozit\u00edvne pr\u00ednosy ban\u00edctva, ktor\u00e9 v minulosti prinieslo pracovn\u00e9 miesta a soci\u00e1lne istoty a tie\u017e sa s n\u00edm sp\u00e1ja ur\u010dit\u00e1 kult\u00fara, ale hovoria aj o negat\u00edvnych vplyvoch na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Podstatn\u00e9 je, \u017ee projekt nie je len o slov\u00e1ch, ale aj o konkr\u00e9tnej podpore. Ban\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu pol roka po\u010das projektu pobera\u0165 mzdu, popritom sa rekvalifikova\u0165 a povinn\u00fa maj\u00fa aj \u00fa\u010das\u0165 na vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch podujatiach o vplyve vyu\u017e\u00edvania uhlia na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie vo forme exkurzi\u00ed s odborn\u00fdm v\u00fdkladom. Pod\u013ea \u0160ujana \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov tieto akcie zaujali, mo\u017eno pr\u00e1ve preto, \u017ee sa odohr\u00e1vali priamo v ter\u00e9ne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Exkurzie pre ban\u00edkov na t\u00e9mu ochrany \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Zdroj: Kontaktn\u00e9 centrum Handlov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\"Kris
Leteck\u00fd poh\u013ead na krajinu zni\u010den\u00fa \u0165a\u017ebou dechtov\u00fdch pieskov. Alberta, Kanada. Foto: Kris Krug<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Z\u00e1rove\u0148, ako hovor\u00ed George Marshall, posol je d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e spr\u00e1va, ktor\u00fa prin\u00e1\u0161a. Lep\u0161ie prijmeme inform\u00e1ciu od \u010dloveka, ktor\u00e9mu d\u00f4verujeme. Niektor\u00ed odborn\u00edci preto presadzuj\u00fa my\u0161lienku ambas\u00e1doriek a ambas\u00e1dorov zmeny kl\u00edmy. Jakub Hrb\u00e1\u0148 z Kl\u00edma \u0165a potrebuje preferuje pojem komunitn\u00e1 l\u00edderka a l\u00edder. V r\u00e1mci iniciat\u00edvy pracuj\u00fa na tom, aby na Slovensku vznikla sie\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed p\u00f4sobia priamo vo svojich regi\u00f3noch a vedia o zmene kl\u00edmy hovori\u0165 v lok\u00e1lnom kontexte. Je skeptick\u00fd vo\u010di ambas\u00e1dorstvu cez soci\u00e1lne siete. \u201eV online priestore nedok\u00e1\u017eeme efekt\u00edvne zace\u013eova\u0165 priepas\u0165 medzi dvoma p\u00f3lmi kult\u00farnej vojny,\u201c<\/em> uviedol pre ctzn<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa vedeck\u00e9mu \u017earg\u00f3nu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ako uv\u00e1dza Maria Virginia Olano, ani jazyk vedy nenapom\u00e1ha efekt\u00edvnej komunik\u00e1cii. Aj samotn\u00e9 pojmy, ktor\u00e9 sa zau\u017e\u00edvali pre ozna\u010denie probl\u00e9mu, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 m\u00e4t\u00face. Napr\u00edklad glob\u00e1lne otep\u013eovanie nevystihuje cel\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu extr\u00e9mnych prejavov po\u010dasia, ktor\u00e9 zmena kl\u00edmy prin\u00e1\u0161a – od hor\u00fa\u010dav a sucha a\u017e po pr\u00edvalov\u00e9 da\u017ede a hurik\u00e1ny. Nejednozna\u010dnos\u0165 pojmov \u00faspe\u0161ne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dezinform\u00e1tori. Sta\u010d\u00ed si spomen\u00fa\u0165 na v\u00fdroky predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho americk\u00e9ho prezidenta, ktor\u00fd mraziv\u00e9 po\u010dasie vyd\u00e1val za d\u00f4kaz neexistencie glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Americk\u00e1 odborn\u00ed\u010dka na komunik\u00e1ciu o kl\u00edme Susan Joy Hassol rad\u00ed vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa vedeck\u00e9mu \u017earg\u00f3nu. Niektor\u00e9 jeho slov\u00e1 ch\u00e1pu laici inak. Napr\u00edklad \u201eneistotu\u201c, ktorou vedci vyjadruj\u00fa rozsah odch\u00fdlky aj pri predpovedi r\u00f4znych scen\u00e1rov d\u00f4sledkov zmeny kl\u00edmy. Verejnosti v\u0161ak tento pojem pod\u013ea Hassol<\/a> evokuje sk\u00f4r to, \u017ee vlastne nevieme, \u010do sa bude dia\u0165. Preto treba voli\u0165 pojmy, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa pre laikov jednozna\u010dn\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 treba vedeck\u00e9 fakty a d\u00e1ta pod\u00e1va\u0165 v pr\u00edbehoch. Maria Virginia Olano z Climate Xchange vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed neprem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea o svete cez \u201etabu\u013eky\u201c, ale prostredn\u00edctvom obrazov, pr\u00edbehov a z\u00e1\u017eitkov. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Zmena kl\u00edmy nie je len o ochrane pr\u00edrody<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Spa\u013eovanie fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv a tvorba sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov sa deje naprie\u010d odvetviami od energetiky, cez dopravu, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, a\u017e po tr\u00e1venie vo\u013en\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Na rie\u0161enie klimatickej kr\u00edzy je preto potrebn\u00e9 transformova\u0165 cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Aj n\u00e1sledky zmeny kl\u00edmy s\u00fa \u010falekosiahle. Napr\u00edklad sucho nekomplikuje \u017eivot len farm\u00e1rom. Ke\u010f je v riekach menej vody, trp\u00ed nielen rie\u010dny ekosyst\u00e9m, ale vyrob\u00ed sa aj menej elektriny vo vodn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1r\u0148ach, jadrov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne nie je \u010d\u00edm chladi\u0165. Zmena kl\u00edmy sa v\u0161ak e\u0161te st\u00e1le r\u00e1mcuje len ako t\u00e9ma ochrany pr\u00edrody. \u201eEnvironment\u00e1lna agenda sa \u010dasto ch\u00e1pe ako nie\u010do navy\u0161e, \u010do je mo\u017en\u00e9 rie\u0161i\u0165 a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f s\u00fa pokryt\u00e9 ostatn\u00e9 potreby spolo\u010dnosti,\u201c<\/em> p\u00ed\u0161e sa v publik\u00e1cii Klimavize<\/a>. Jej autori upozor\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee stabiln\u00e1 kl\u00edma je pritom z\u00e1kladnou podmienkou pre fungovanie ekonomiky a spolo\u010dnosti ako takej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9mu preto treba r\u00e1mcova\u0165 v \u0161ir\u0161om kontexte. Jakub Hrb\u00e1\u0148 uv\u00e1dza pr\u00edklad aktu\u00e1lneho programu renov\u00e1cie rodinn\u00fdch domov z Pl\u00e1nu obnovy. Nejde len o zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed v\u010faka ni\u017e\u0161ej spotrebe energi\u00ed, ale aj o to, \u017ee n\u00edzkopr\u00edjmov\u00e9 skupiny obyvate\u013estva bud\u00fa plati\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dty. \u201e\u013du\u010fom, ktor\u00ed moment\u00e1lne rie\u0161ia energetick\u00fa kr\u00edzu, s\u00fa ukradnut\u00e9 \u013eadov\u00e9 medvede, vymieranie druhov, aj z\u00e1nik ekosyst\u00e9mov,\u201c<\/em> podot\u00fdka aktivista. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"Kl\u00edma
Iniciat\u00edva Kl\u00edma \u0165a potrebuje sa sna\u017e\u00ed po Slovensku vytvori\u0165 sie\u0165 pre ochranu kl\u00edmy anga\u017eovan\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Foto: Katar\u00edna P\u0161en\u00e1kov\u00e1 \/ Kl\u00edma \u0165a potrebuje<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Diskusia v Novej cvernovke. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Thurzo \/ Kl\u00edma \u0165a potrebuje<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Pon\u00faknu\u0165 jasn\u00fa v\u00edziu ako protiklad k strachu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Extr\u00e9my po\u010dasia a ich n\u00e1sledky vzbudzuj\u00fa a\u017e paralyzuj\u00faci strach. Vyvol\u00e1va ho aj neistota o tom, ako bude vyzera\u0165 prerod krajiny na n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00fa ekonomiku. V mnoh\u00fdch oblastiach nebudeme m\u00f4c\u0165 fungova\u0165 tak, ako sme nau\u010den\u00ed dnes, mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia m\u00f4\u017eu pr\u00eds\u0165 o pr\u00e1cu a bud\u00fa sa musie\u0165 rekvalifikova\u0165. Napokon, na Hornej Nitre sa to pre koniec \u0165a\u017eby hned\u00e9ho uhlia aktu\u00e1lne deje. No transform\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165ou pre zmenu k lep\u0161iemu a k rie\u0161eniu viacer\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov naraz. Teda aj t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 by sme museli rie\u0161i\u0165 tak \u010di tak, bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di niekto v zmenu kl\u00edmy ver\u00ed alebo nie. Pr\u00edkladom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kvalita hromadnej dopravy \u010di soci\u00e1lne nerovnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrebujeme v\u0161ak jasn\u00fa v\u00edziu bud\u00facnosti ako protiklad em\u00f3cie strachu. \u201eN\u00e1dej je jeden z najmocnej\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov, aby sme pohli \u013eud\u00ed k \u010dinom,<\/em>\u201c kon\u0161tatuje Maria Virginia Olano z Climate Xchange. Jakub Hrb\u00e1\u0148 vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee treba uk\u00e1za\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne pr\u00edklady, ako pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vyu\u017eit\u00e1. V mest\u00e1ch sa bude musie\u0165 napr\u00edklad zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mobilita, ke\u010f\u017ee doprava je v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zdrojom emisi\u00ed. Nep\u00f4jde to bez kvalitnej\u0161ej MHD, bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed pre cyklistov a dostatku slu\u017eieb, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa v pe\u0161ej dostupnosti od bydliska. Jakub opisuje v\u00edziu mesta, kde n\u00e1kup m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 spojen\u00fd s prech\u00e1dzkou, die\u0165a odvediete do \u0161k\u00f4lky cestou na elektri\u010dku a vo \u0161tvrti je komunitn\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada, ktor\u00e1 dod\u00e1va \u010derstv\u00fa zeleninu pre miestne \u0161koly \u010di domov seniorov. \u201e<\/em>Znie to ako ut\u00f3pia, ale ono to v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku ut\u00f3pia mus\u00ed by\u0165, lebo mus\u00edme budova\u0165 svet, ktor\u00fd je zdrav\u0161\u00ed, funk\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed a soci\u00e1lne spravodlivej\u0161\u00ed,\u201c <\/em>uzatv\u00e1ra aktivista. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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27. OKT\u00d3BER 2022<\/p>\n

Text: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/a>
\nFotografie: Colville-Andersen, Peter Hanzes, Kris Krug, Jessica Robertson, Kontaktn\u00e9 centrum Handlov\u00e1, Katar\u00edna P\u0161en\u00e1kov\u00e1 a Tom\u00e1\u0161 Thurzo
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autorka textu pracuje na Ministerstve \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia SR. Text nie je ofici\u00e1lnym v\u00fdstupom ministerstva.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Partneri<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0\u00a0 \"\" \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"\" \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \"\"<\/p>\n
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\n\"klimatapotrebuje-2\"\u00a0 \"\"\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \"\" \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"mib<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Medi\u00e1lni partneri<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \"ealogo\"<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00e1\u0161 mozog evolu\u010dne nie je pripraven\u00fd na tento typ v\u00fdzvy. Ak nechceme pri komunik\u00e1cii o\u00a0kl\u00edme opakova\u0165 star\u00e9 chyby, treba po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 psychol\u00f3gov a\u00a0sociol\u00f3gov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16182,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":9,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"autor":[350],"vydanie":[343],"partner":[],"class_list":["post-15930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene","autor-pavla-lenyiova","vydanie-ako-tu-mozeme-zit"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAko hovori\u0165 o\u00a0kl\u00edme? Sucho na\u00a0Slovensku namiesto \u013eadov\u00fdch medve\u010fov a\u00a0n\u00e1dej namiesto strachu - CTZN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/ako-hovorit-o-klime-sucho-na-slovensku-namiesto-ladovych-medvedov-a-nadej-namiesto-strachu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ako hovori\u0165 o\u00a0kl\u00edme? Sucho na\u00a0Slovensku namiesto \u013eadov\u00fdch medve\u010fov a\u00a0n\u00e1dej namiesto strachu - CTZN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e1\u0161 mozog evolu\u010dne nie je pripraven\u00fd na tento typ v\u00fdzvy. Ak nechceme pri komunik\u00e1cii o\u00a0kl\u00edme opakova\u0165 star\u00e9 chyby, treba po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 psychol\u00f3gov a\u00a0sociol\u00f3gov.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/ako-hovorit-o-klime-sucho-na-slovensku-namiesto-ladovych-medvedov-a-nadej-namiesto-strachu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CTZN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ctzn.sk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-01T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-21T15:04:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Peter-Hanzes_web.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Erika Be\u0148u\u0161ka\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Erika Be\u0148u\u0161ka\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ctzn.punkt.sk\\\/ako-hovorit-o-klime-sucho-na-slovensku-namiesto-ladovych-medvedov-a-nadej-namiesto-strachu\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ctzn.punkt.sk\\\/ako-hovorit-o-klime-sucho-na-slovensku-namiesto-ladovych-medvedov-a-nadej-namiesto-strachu\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Erika Be\u0148u\u0161ka\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ctzn.punkt.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c752f572f11614e041600e9d105ba3be\"},\"headline\":\"Ako hovori\u0165 o\u00a0kl\u00edme? 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