{"id":20266,"date":"2023-06-28T14:18:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T12:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=20266"},"modified":"2026-05-21T17:29:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T15:29:49","slug":"cistiarne-odpadovych-vod-mozu-byt-zelenymi-elektrarnami-u-nas-sme-zatial-od-toho-daleko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/cistiarne-odpadovych-vod-mozu-byt-zelenymi-elektrarnami-u-nas-sme-zatial-od-toho-daleko\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cistiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zelen\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1r\u0148ami. U n\u00e1s sme zatia\u013e od toho \u010faleko"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Ebswien\"
Plynov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee viedenskej \u010distiarne Ebswien. Foto: Christian Houdek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Buduj\u00fa sa hlavne preto, aby sa spla\u0161kami nezne\u010dis\u0165ovali rieky a\u00a0zdroje pitnej vody. No m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 producentmi obnovite\u013enej energie aj zdrojom \u017eiv\u00edn pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/a><\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u2022 V Cirkul\u00e1rnom meste koluj\u00fa zdroje, materi\u00e1ly, v\u00fdrobky aj energia. Brownfieldy sa recykluj\u00fa na nov\u00e9 \u0161tvrte, autobusy jazdia na plyn z bioodpadu, star\u00fd n\u00e1bytok kon\u010d\u00ed v reuse centre. V\u00fdrobky sa udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u010do najdlh\u0161ie v obehu, \u0161etria sa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje, eliminuj\u00fa emisie. V tejto rubrike v spolupr\u00e1ci s In\u0161tit\u00fatom cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky<\/a> sledujeme t\u00e9mu cirkul\u00e1rnych miest a ukazujeme, ak\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny potrebujeme zavies\u0165 na Slovensku.<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Ke\u010f sme vstupovali do E\u00da, b\u00fdvalo v domoch pripojen\u00fdch na verejn\u00fa kanaliz\u00e1ciu len zhruba 55 % obyvate\u013estva. \u010cisten\u00edm prech\u00e1dzalo necel\u00fdch 65 % odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za posledn\u00fdch zhruba 20 rokov boli u n\u00e1s hlavnou hnacou silou pri budovan\u00ed kanaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva a eurofondy. Na kanaliz\u00e1ciu je u\u017e pripojen\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 70 % Slov\u00e1kov. \u010cisten\u00edm prech\u00e1dza 93 % odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Je to lep\u0161ie pre pr\u00edrodu aj pre zdravie \u013eud\u00ed, no napriek posunu e\u0161te st\u00e1le nepln\u00edme krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 pr\u00edslu\u0161nej smernice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fdm dobiehame budovanie z\u00e1kladnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, v E\u00da a vo svete doch\u00e1dza k roz\u0161\u00edreniu ch\u00e1pania \u00falohy \u010distiarn\u00ed. Nemusia by\u0165 len miestami, ktor\u00e9 odstra\u0148uj\u00fa zne\u010distenie, a pritom spotrebuj\u00fa ve\u013ea energie a produkuj\u00fa emisie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V dvojdielnej s\u00e9rii platforma Citizen vysvet\u013euje, ako sa m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165 na zelen\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne \u010di tepl\u00e1rne a tov\u00e1rne na suroviny. \u010ci u\u017e organick\u00fa hmotu, \u017eiviny, ako je fosfor, dus\u00edk \u010di drasl\u00edk, alebo aj vy\u010disten\u00fa vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak ako sa toti\u017e sna\u017e\u00edme predch\u00e1dza\u0165 vzniku tuh\u00e9ho odpadu, recyklova\u0165 ho, menej skl\u00e1dkova\u0165 a ten nerecyklovate\u013en\u00fd energeticky zhodnoti\u0165, podobne treba rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 aj pri tekutom odpade.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u010cistiare\u0148 odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d Star\u00e1 Tur\u00e1. Zdroj: In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky \/ \u0161t\u00fadia Kal nad zlato<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\"Ebswien\"
Vn\u00fatri jednej z vyhn\u00edvac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed viedenskej \u010distiarne Ebswien. Foto: Christian Houdek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Elektrina a teplo z bioplynu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
U\u017e dnes je u n\u00e1s \u0161tandardom v pr\u00edpade v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u010distiarn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 energiu z kalu. O \u010do ide?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odpadov\u00fa vodu okrem in\u00e9ho \u010distia aj mikroorganizmy. \u017divia sa zne\u010disten\u00edm a t\u00fdm ho z vody odstra\u0148uj\u00fa. Kal s\u00fa teda mikroorganizmy nak\u0155men\u00e9 na\u0161\u00edm odpadom. Mus\u00ed sa stabilizova\u0165, aby sa zastavil jeho samovo\u013en\u00fd rozklad a zredukovali sa alebo \u00faplne odstr\u00e1nili patog\u00e9nne organizmy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u010distiar\u0148ach sa oplat\u00ed investova\u0165 do tak\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia, pri ktorom sa d\u00e1 z\u00edska\u0165 energia. Kal sa rozklad\u00e1 v n\u00e1dr\u017eiach bez pr\u00edstupu vzduchu a pritom vznik\u00e1 bioplyn, ktor\u00fd sa spa\u013euje a vyr\u00e1ba sa z neho iba teplo, alebo teplo aj elektrick\u00e1 energia. U n\u00e1s m\u00e1 tak\u00e9to vyhn\u00edvacie n\u00e1dr\u017ee zhruba 50 \u010distiarn\u00ed, vysvet\u013euje profesor Igor Bod\u00edk z \u00dastavu chemick\u00e9ho a environment\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva Fakulty chemickej a potravin\u00e1rskej technol\u00f3gie Slovenskej technickej univerzity (STU) v Bratislave, ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 predsedom Asoci\u00e1cie \u010distiarensk\u00fdch expertov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u010distiare\u0148 v bratislavskej Vrakuni si v\u010faka svojej kalovej bioplynovej stanici pokr\u00fdva sama do 80 % spotreby tepla a zhruba 61 % spotreby elektriny. Pod\u013ea Igora Bod\u00edka s\u00fa najsebesta\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00e1ve vrakunsk\u00e1 a trnavsk\u00e1 \u010distiare\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n
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\n            \"Stara\u0301        <\/div>\n        
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\n                \u010c\u00edta\u0165 \u010falej<\/a>\n                
\n                    \n                        \u010co m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161al\u00e1t na na\u0161om tanieri s\u00a0\u010distiar\u0148ou odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d?                    <\/a>\n                <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Vyk\u00faren\u00fd byt v\u010faka \u010distiarni<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Niektor\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzky v\u0161ak id\u00fa e\u0161te \u010falej. Nielen\u017ee s\u00fa sebesta\u010dn\u00e9, ale vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa energiu navy\u0161e. Napr\u00edklad viedensk\u00e1 \u010distiare\u0148 dod\u00e1va elektrinu a teplo do siete. Dosiahla to v\u010faka zvy\u0161ovaniu energetickej efekt\u00edvnosti, zav\u00e1dzaniu sol\u00e1rnych \u010di vetern\u00fdch zdrojov energie a inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m pre \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie energetick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie kalu. Dve budape\u0161tianske \u010distiarne vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa bioplyn aj z kalu z in\u00fdch \u010distiarn\u00ed, z re\u0161taura\u010dn\u00e9ho bioodpadu \u010di odpadu z potravin\u00e1rskeho priemyslu \u010di \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej v\u00fdroby. Elektriny maj\u00fa niekedy nadbytok a dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa ho do siete.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\"Ebswien\"
Vyhn\u00edvacie n\u00e1dr\u017ee viedenskej \u010distiarne Ebswien. Foto: Christian Houdek<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Energeticky pozit\u00edvne \u010distiarne si teda nevysta\u010dia len s kalom. Musia by\u0165 efekt\u00edvne a ma\u0165 aj nejak\u00fd \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zdroj obnovite\u013enej energie, vysvet\u013euje profesor Bod\u00edk a dod\u00e1va: \u201ePritekaj\u00faca voda m\u00e1 v sebe to\u013eko energie, \u017ee by sa z nej dala prev\u00e1dzkova\u0165 cel\u00e1 \u010distiare\u0148, ale dosta\u0165 t\u00fa energiu z vody je dnes pomerne drah\u00e9.\u201c<\/em> Menuje chemick\u00fa energiu \u010di v\u00fdmenn\u00edky, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm sa d\u00e1 vyu\u017ei\u0165 teplo z vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vykurova\u0165 desiatky tis\u00edc dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed teplom z vody z \u010distiarne pl\u00e1nuje napr\u00edklad Praha<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal ako hnojivo<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kal z men\u0161\u00edch \u010distiarn\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa vyhn\u00edvacie n\u00e1dr\u017ee, sa d\u00e1 posla\u0165 do extern\u00fdch bioplynov\u00fdch stan\u00edc, pr\u00edpadne sa spa\u013euje a pritom energeticky zhodnocuje. No ke\u010f\u017ee je kal bohat\u00fd na organick\u00fa hmotu a \u017eiviny, najviac by sme jeho potenci\u00e1l zu\u017eitkovali na poli. V druhom diele<\/a> s\u00e9rie sa pozrieme na to, ako sa d\u00e1 v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve vyu\u017ei\u0165 kal \u010di vy\u010disten\u00e1 voda z \u010distiarn\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. A tie\u017e na to, ako n\u00e1s bude k zelen\u0161ej energii a cirkul\u00e1rnej\u0161iemu pr\u00edstupu v \u010distiar\u0148ach tla\u010di\u0165 eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Pom\u00f4\u017eu (euro)fondy?<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Niektor\u00e9 z invest\u00edci\u00ed do zvy\u0161ovania energetickej sebesta\u010dnosti m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 n\u00e1vratn\u00e9. Na druhej strane, slovensk\u00fd vod\u00e1rensk\u00fd sektor dosahuje investi\u010dn\u00fd dlh v miliard\u00e1ch eur. Do akej miery by mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165 r\u00f4zne fondy?
\u010cistiarne by mohli teoreticky vyu\u017ei\u0165 dot\u00e1cie alebo n\u00e1vratn\u00e9 prostriedky z eurofondov vyhraden\u00e9 na zlep\u0161ovanie energetickej efekt\u00edvnosti a zav\u00e1dzanie obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie, kde sa spom\u00edna explicitne aj vyu\u017e\u00edvanie plynu z \u010distiarensk\u00e9ho kalu. V\u00fdzvy v\u0161ak bud\u00fa vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 pravdepodobne a\u017e v poslednom kvart\u00e1li roka a zatia\u013e nie s\u00fa zn\u00e1me detailn\u00e9 podmienky.
Taktie\u017e bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 podporu z Pl\u00e1nu obnovy na v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch zdrojov obnovite\u013enej energie (OZE). V prvej v\u00fdzve uspela s fotovoltickou elektr\u00e1r\u0148ou napr\u00edklad \u010distiare\u0148 v Bad\u00edne. V\u00fdzva na bioplynov\u00e9 stanice z Pl\u00e1nu obnovy pre \u010distiarne ur\u010den\u00e1 nebola. Tak\u00e9to dve v\u00fdzvy by sa mali opakova\u0165, zatia\u013e vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 neboli. 
S podporou vyu\u017eitia plynu z \u010disti\u010diek pri v\u00fdrobe obnovite\u013enej energie sa po\u010d\u00edta aj v jednej zo sch\u00e9m Moderniza\u010dn\u00e9ho fondu, ktor\u00fd tvoria v\u00fdnosy z predaja emisn\u00fdch kv\u00f3t. V\u00fdzva zatia\u013e ale vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 nebola, rezort sa aktu\u00e1lne s\u00fastred\u00ed hlavne na Pl\u00e1n obnovy, tak\u017ee ani tu nepozn\u00e1me detaily.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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28. J\u00daN 2023<\/p>\n
Text: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nFotografie: Christian Houdek a In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Partneri<\/p>\n
\"EU_flag\"<\/p>\n
Toto opatrenie je spolufinancovan\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tento projekt bol financovan\u00fd za podpory Eur\u00f3pskej komisie. Tento obsah odr\u00e1\u017ea v\u00fdlu\u010dne n\u00e1zory autorov a\u00a0Eur\u00f3pska komisia nenesie \u017eiadnu zodpovednos\u0165 za pou\u017eitie obsiahnut\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Buduj\u00fa sa hlavne preto, aby sa spla\u0161kami nezne\u010dis\u0165ovali rieky a\u00a0zdroje pitnej vody. No m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 producentmi obnovite\u013enej energie aj zdrojom \u017eiv\u00edn pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"autor":[350],"vydanie":[341],"partner":[],"class_list":["post-20266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cirkularne-mesto","autor-pavla-lenyiova","vydanie-cycle-up"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u010cistiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zelen\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1r\u0148ami. U n\u00e1s sme zatia\u013e od toho \u010faleko - CTZN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/cistiarne-odpadovych-vod-mozu-byt-zelenymi-elektrarnami-u-nas-sme-zatial-od-toho-daleko\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u010cistiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zelen\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1r\u0148ami. U n\u00e1s sme zatia\u013e od toho \u010faleko - CTZN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Buduj\u00fa sa hlavne preto, aby sa spla\u0161kami nezne\u010dis\u0165ovali rieky a\u00a0zdroje pitnej vody. 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