{"id":20294,"date":"2023-06-28T14:18:59","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T12:18:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=20294"},"modified":"2026-05-21T17:31:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T15:31:30","slug":"co-moze-mat-spolocne-salat-na-nasom-tanieri-s-cistiarnou-odpadovych-vod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/co-moze-mat-spolocne-salat-na-nasom-tanieri-s-cistiarnou-odpadovych-vod\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161al\u00e1t na na\u0161om tanieri s\u00a0\u010distiar\u0148ou odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Stara\u0301
\u010cistiare\u0148 odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d Star\u00e1 Tur\u00e1. Zdroj: In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky \/ \u0161t\u00fadia Kal nad zlato<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Kal m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zdrojom \u017eiv\u00edn pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Vy\u010disten\u00e1 voda z\u00a0\u010distiarn\u00ed by zase mohla v\u00a0\u010dase klimatickej kr\u00edzy zavla\u017ei\u0165 na\u0161e polia. No treba to spravi\u0165 tak, aby sme si z\u00e1rove\u0148 nekontaminovali p\u00f4du.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/a><\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u2022 V Cirkul\u00e1rnom meste koluj\u00fa zdroje, materi\u00e1ly, v\u00fdrobky aj energia. Brownfieldy sa recykluj\u00fa na nov\u00e9 \u0161tvrte, autobusy jazdia na plyn z bioodpadu, star\u00fd n\u00e1bytok kon\u010d\u00ed v reuse centre. V\u00fdrobky sa udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u010do najdlh\u0161ie v obehu, \u0161etria sa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje, eliminuj\u00fa emisie. V tejto rubrike v spolupr\u00e1ci s In\u0161tit\u00fatom cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky<\/a> sledujeme t\u00e9mu cirkul\u00e1rnych miest a ukazujeme, ak\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny potrebujeme zavies\u0165 na Slovensku.<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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V \u010distiar\u0148ach sa voda \u010dist\u00ed najprv mechanicky, aby sa zachytili hrub\u0161ie ne\u010distoty ako piesok, \u0161trk, tuky, zvy\u0161ky toaletn\u00e9ho papiera, hygienick\u00fdch potrieb \u010di dokonca uter\u00e1ky a in\u00e9 predmety. Odtia\u013e voda putuje do n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kde pl\u00e1vaj\u00fa mikroorganizmy. \u017divia sa zne\u010disten\u00edm a t\u00fdm ho z vody odstra\u0148uj\u00fa. Kal s\u00fa vlastne mikroorganizmy nak\u0155men\u00e9 na\u0161\u00edm odpadom. Mus\u00ed sa stabilizova\u0165, aby sa zastavil jeho samovo\u013en\u00fd rozklad a zredukovali sa alebo sa \u00faplne odstr\u00e1nili patog\u00e9nne organizmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010cistiare\u0148 ako zdroj v\u00fdborn\u00e9ho hnojiva, ktor\u00e9ho sa mnoh\u00ed boja<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej \u010dasti s\u00e9rie<\/a> o \u010distiar\u0148ach ako zelen\u00fdch elektr\u00e1r\u0148ach sme vysvetlili, \u017ee kal m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zdrojom obnovite\u013enej energie. No ke\u010f\u017ee je bohat\u00fd na organick\u00fa hmotu a \u017eiviny, najviac z jeho potenci\u00e1lu sa zu\u017eitkuje, ak ho pou\u017eijeme ako hnojivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A to priamou aplik\u00e1ciou na p\u00f4du alebo cez kompost. Pou\u017ei\u0165 sa d\u00e1 podobne aj \u201e<\/em>digest\u00e1t\u201c z bioplynov\u00fdch stan\u00edc \u2013 teda kal, ktor\u00fd sa rozkladal bez pr\u00edstupu vzduchu. Ten je v\u0161ak u\u017e ochudobnen\u00fd o organick\u00fa hmotu. Takto by sa dala nahradi\u0165 \u010das\u0165 umel\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv, ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdroba je emisne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a nie s\u00fa ide\u00e1lne ani pre zdravie p\u00f4dy a biodiverzitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoh\u00ed farm\u00e1ri \u010di kompost\u00e1rne v\u0161ak kal vo svojej p\u00f4de nechc\u00fa. Napr\u00edklad Ponitrianske zdru\u017eenie obc\u00ed je zn\u00e1me v\u00fdrobou kvalitn\u00e9ho kompostu z bioodpadu z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, ale kal \u010di digest\u00e1t ako pr\u00edsadu do kompostu nepou\u017e\u00edva. Na svojom webe promuj\u00fa svoj kompost \u201ebez chemik\u00e1li\u00ed a bez pridania \u010distiarensk\u00fdch kalov\u201c. Pre\u010do?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Kalov\u00e1 su\u0161ina. Zdroj: In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky \/ \u0161t\u00fadia Kal nad zlato<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u017diviny, ale aj zne\u010distenie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kal \u010di digest\u00e1t m\u00f4\u017eu toti\u017e v r\u00f4znej miere obsahova\u0165 patog\u00e9ny, zvy\u0161ky lie\u010div, horm\u00f3ny, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy \u010di mikroplasty. \u201e\u010co je v odpadovej vode, to sa prejav\u00ed potom aj v kaloch,\u201c<\/em> vysvet\u013euje Igor Bod\u00edk z STU, ktor\u00fd sk\u00famal kal aj nad r\u00e1mec toho, \u010do je dnes zo z\u00e1kona povinn\u00e9. P\u00f4sob\u00ed na \u00dastave chemick\u00e9ho a environment\u00e1lneho in\u017einierstva Fakulty chemickej a potravin\u00e1rskej technol\u00f3gie Slovenskej technickej univerzity v Bratislave a je predsedom Asoci\u00e1cie \u010distiarensk\u00fdch expertov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pri kompostovan\u00ed sa s\u00edce kal \u201e<\/em>zriedi\u201c, lebo sa zmie\u0161a so zelen\u00fdm odpadom z parkov a z\u00e1hrad, slamou \u010di s kuchynsk\u00fdm bioodpadom. Ale pri tomto procese nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 podmienky a tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 teploty, aby sa zne\u0161kodnili v\u0161etky \u0161kodliviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dnes ani len nem\u00e1me presn\u00fd preh\u013ead, \u010do sa v konkr\u00e9tnej v\u00e1rke kalu nach\u00e1dza. Eur\u00f3pska \u201ekalov\u00e1 smernica\u201c m\u00e1 vy\u0161e 30 rokov a je zastaran\u00e1. Analyzova\u0165 sa m\u00e1 pod\u013ea nej len sedem \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch kovov a nieko\u013eko in\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov. N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 legislat\u00edva k tomu prid\u00e1va len p\u00e1r \u010fal\u0161\u00edch. V\u010faka vedeck\u00e9mu pokroku v\u0161ak rastie zoznam \u010fal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 vzbudzuj\u00fa obavy, nevieme ich klasick\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami v \u010distiar\u0148ach zachyti\u0165 a zatia\u013e sa ani nesleduj\u00fa. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o pestic\u00eddy, horm\u00f3ny, lie\u010div\u00e1 \u010di mikroplasty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Kal obsahuje hodnotn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ale aj polutanty. Fotka poch\u00e1dza z exkurzie vo vrakunskej \u010distiarni, ktor\u00e1 sa konala v roku 2019 v r\u00e1mci podujatia What city? Mesto bez odpadu. Foto: Marek Jan\u010d\u00fach<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\u201eMo\u017eno sme si uvedomovali, \u010do v\u0161etko p\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame do odpadovej vody. Ke\u010f\u017ee sme to doned\u00e1vna nenamerali, neboli o tom d\u00f4kazy,\u201c <\/em>hovor\u00ed profesor Bod\u00edk. Ide pod\u013ea neho o pomerne nov\u00fa oblas\u0165 \u2013 vedeck\u00fd konsenzus o vplyve t\u00fdchto l\u00e1tok na \u010dloveka a pr\u00edrodu sa e\u0161te len formuje a mali by sme by\u0165 predbe\u017ene opatrn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n
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\n            \"Ebswien\"        <\/div>\n        
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\n                    \n                        \u010cistiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zelen\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1r\u0148ami. U n\u00e1s sme zatia\u013e od toho \u010faleko                    <\/a>\n                <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Obozretn\u00e1 je aj E\u00da. Hnojiv\u00e1 obsahuj\u00face komposty a digest\u00e1ty z kalov sa napr\u00edklad nem\u00f4\u017eu od j\u00fala 2022 pred\u00e1va\u0165 na trhu E\u00da, ale len v r\u00e1mci vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych trhov. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak v E\u00da rastie tlak na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie cirkul\u00e1rneho potenci\u00e1lu kalu. Fosfor z\u00e1rove\u0148 figuruje na zozname kritick\u00fdch surov\u00edn Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, bez ktor\u00fdch sa ekonomika nezaob\u00edde a z\u00e1rove\u0148 hrozia probl\u00e9my s ich dod\u00e1vkami. Pod\u013ea vedcov<\/a> hroz\u00ed jeho nedostatok. \u0164a\u017e\u00ed sa v baniach, \u010do m\u00e1 jednak negat\u00edvny vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a svetov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby sa m\u00ed\u0148aj\u00fa<\/a>. Spr\u00e1va Eur\u00f3pskej environment\u00e1lnej agent\u00fary<\/a> odhaduje, \u017ee by E\u00da v\u010faka kalu z \u010distiarn\u00ed mohla pokry\u0165 do 6 % potreby fosforu na hnojenie v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Jedin\u00e1 ba\u0148a na fosfor v E\u00da je vo F\u00ednsku. Foto: Kallerna<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Kompostova\u0165 alebo rad\u0161ej sp\u00e1li\u0165?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Niektor\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty pre obavy z kontamin\u00e1cie vyu\u017eitie kalu v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve obmedzili alebo zak\u00e1zali. Holandsko ho spa\u013euje takmer v\u0161etok. Spa\u013eovan\u00edm alebo pyrol\u00fdzou, ktor\u00e1 je inou formou tepeln\u00e9ho rozkladu, sa toti\u017e zbav\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny ne\u017eiaducich l\u00e1tok. Jednou z nev\u00fdhod tak\u00e9hoto pr\u00edstupu je, \u017ee \u017eiviny sa daj\u00fa n\u00e1sledne vyu\u017ei\u0165 u\u017e len v obmedzenej miere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ako je to u n\u00e1s? Zhruba 50 % su\u0161iny kalu zo slovensk\u00fdch \u010distiarn\u00ed komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d kon\u010d\u00ed v komposte. \u010eal\u0161\u00edch 17 % sa vyu\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu pestovate\u013esk\u00fdch substr\u00e1tov alebo na rekultiv\u00e1ciu skl\u00e1dok a in\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch. Hoci sa na Slovensku pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk kal vyu\u017e\u00edva cirkul\u00e1rne, ch\u00fdba debata o rizik\u00e1ch, ako aj snaha o zlep\u0161enie jeho kvality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky (Incien) preto vydal k t\u00e9me ned\u00e1vno \u0161t\u00fadiu<\/a>, kde ako najlep\u0161iu cestu vid\u00ed kompostovanie \u010di vyu\u017eitie digest\u00e1tu ako hnojiva \u2013 ak si porad\u00edme s rizikami. Navrhuje roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 zoznam l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa v kale sledova\u0165, aby sme vedeli o \u0148om \u010do najviac. Od toho mo\u017eno odv\u00edja\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie aktivity: \u201eAko napr\u00edklad spolupr\u00e1cu s priemyslom \u010di dom\u00e1cnos\u0165ami na zni\u017eovan\u00ed kontamin\u00e1cie \u010di financovanie v\u00fdskumu a v\u00fdvoja v oblasti nov\u00fdch biodegradovate\u013en\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na dekontamin\u00e1ciu kalu.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z hodnotenia eur\u00f3pskej kalovej smernice<\/a> vyplynulo, \u017ee treba sledova\u0165 viac l\u00e1tok, ale jej noveliz\u00e1cia sa v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nepl\u00e1nuje. V r\u00e1mci prebiehaj\u00facej rev\u00edzie smernice o \u010disten\u00ed komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d v\u0161ak Komisia navrhuje, aby sa monitorovali v kale mikroplasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podrobnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie pod\u013ea Incien pom\u00f4\u017eu pri rozhodovan\u00ed, \u010di konkr\u00e9tnu v\u00e1rku kalu aplikova\u0165 na p\u00f4du. Ak sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee kal je kontaminovan\u00fd, treba ho zhodnoti\u0165 spa\u013eovan\u00edm alebo pyrol\u00fdzou, p\u00ed\u0161e Incien. Profesor Bod\u00edk sa v\u0161ak ob\u00e1va, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm viac limitn\u00fdch parametrov si ur\u010d\u00edme, t\u00fdm viac n\u00e1s to bude tla\u010di\u0165 smerom k spa\u013eovaniu. Kal pod\u013ea neho nebude limity sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165. Vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku sa sna\u017eia tieto probl\u00e9my rie\u0161i\u0165 certifika\u010dnou sch\u00e9mou. Je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na spolupr\u00e1ci farm\u00e1rov, regul\u00e1torov, vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a potravin\u00e1rskeho priemyslu. Zapojen\u00e9 \u010distiarne sleduj\u00fa desiatky l\u00e1tok v kale a s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je okrem in\u00e9ho aj prevencia. Priemyseln\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzky nem\u00f4\u017eu svoje odpadov\u00e9 vody do certifikovan\u00fdch \u010distiarn\u00ed odv\u00e1dza\u0165, ak produkuj\u00fa niektor\u00fa z vy\u0161e 7 500 probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch l\u00e1tok zo zoznamu \u0160v\u00e9dskej chemickej agent\u00fary. D\u00f4vera v kompost s tak\u00fdmito kalmi vzr\u00e1stla. \u0160v\u00e9dsky syst\u00e9m nerie\u0161i v\u0161etky mikropolutanty, ale nazna\u010duje mo\u017en\u00fa cestu, na ktorej by sa dalo stava\u0165, uv\u00e1dza Incien.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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\"In\u0161tit\u00fat
Nakladanie s kalom z komun\u00e1lnych \u010cOV v Eur\u00f3pe \u2013 rok 2020 Zdroj: In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky \/ \u0161t\u00fadia Kal nad zlato<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Cyprus op\u00e4tovne vyu\u017e\u00edva 90 % odpadovej vody<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fdm s vyu\u017eit\u00edm kalu na Slovensku sk\u00fasenosti m\u00e1me, zatia\u013e sme a\u017e tak neboli n\u00faten\u00ed siahnu\u0165 aj po inom \u201eprodukte\u201d \u010distiarn\u00ed \u2013 vy\u010distenej vode. Pod\u013ea profesora Bod\u00edka k tomu jednak nemotivuje cena vody. \u201eUmelo ju dr\u017e\u00edme na ve\u013emi n\u00edzkej \u00farovni,\u201c <\/em>kon\u0161tatuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom by mohli by\u0165 such\u00e1. No hoci ich u\u017e aj my v d\u00f4sledku zmeny kl\u00edmy \u010doraz viac poci\u0165ujeme, nie sme na tom zatia\u013e tak zle ako Cyprus, Gr\u00e9cko \u010di \u0160panielsko alebo i susedn\u00e9 \u010cesko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea profesora Bod\u00edka sa v\u0161ak u\u017e n\u00e1jdu prezierav\u00ed podnikatelia: \u201eRozbehli sme nejak\u00e9 iniciat\u00edvy s jednou vod\u00e1renskou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskym ve\u013ekopodnikate\u013eom, ktor\u00fd uva\u017euje dopredu, aby sa vyhol probl\u00e9mu.\u201c <\/em>Bud\u00fa h\u013eada\u0165 sp\u00f4soby, ako dopravi\u0165 vodu z \u010distiarne o nieko\u013eko kilometrov \u010falej na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsku p\u00f4du tak, aby sa cestou sp\u00e4tne nekontaminovala.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Exkurzia vo vrakunskej \u010distiarni, ktor\u00e1 sa konala v roku 2019 v r\u00e1mci podujatia What city? Mesto bez odpadu. Foto: Marek Jan\u010d\u00fach<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Cirkul\u00e1rne \u010distiarne \u2013 \u010dere\u0161ni\u010dka na torte len pre bohat\u00e9 krajiny?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Premena \u010distiarn\u00ed na centr\u00e1 cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky \u010di zelen\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne nie\u010do stoj\u00ed a deje sa tak sk\u00f4r vo vyspelej\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, napr\u00edklad v Holandsku<\/a>. Vod\u00e1rensk\u00fd sektor na Slovensku sa top\u00ed v investi\u010dnom dlhu, ktor\u00fd dosahuje miliardy eur. A to pre dlhodobo n\u00edzke ceny vodn\u00e9ho a sto\u010dn\u00e9ho, ako aj pre zl\u00e9 hospod\u00e1renie. Mnoh\u00e9 objekty a potrubia s\u00fa zastaran\u00e9 a v havarijnom stave. Eurofondy a zdroje z Envirofondu ur\u010den\u00e9 na kanaliz\u00e1cie smeruj\u00fa na dobudovanie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary tam, kde ch\u00fdba, a na obnovu tej nevyhovuj\u00facej. Cie\u013eom je hlavne splni\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 smernice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea profesora Bod\u00edka sa u n\u00e1s zmeny navy\u0161e udej\u00fa len vtedy, ak bude vod\u00e1rensk\u00fd sektor k tomu n\u00faten\u00fd legislat\u00edvou alebo trhom \u2013 ak by napr\u00edklad ceny a dopyt po fosfore vzr\u00e1stli tak, \u017ee sa oplat\u00ed investova\u0165 do jeho z\u00edskavania z kalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e1ve prv\u00fd spom\u00ednan\u00fd faktor, spr\u00edsnenie legislat\u00edvy, je pr\u00e1ve na stole. Eur\u00f3pska Komisia predlo\u017eila n\u00e1vrh rev\u00edzie smernice o \u010disten\u00ed komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Okrem d\u00f4kladnej\u0161ieho \u010distenia vody sa s\u00fastred\u00ed aj na zni\u017eovanie energetickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u010distiarn\u00ed a na cirkul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010cistenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d je energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Na celkovej energetickej spotrebe v E\u00da m\u00e1 podiel 0,8 %<\/a> a tvor\u00ed 0,86 % emisi\u00ed E\u00da. V r\u00e1mci rev\u00edzie smernice sa preto navrhuje, aby do roku 2040 \u010distiarne od ur\u010ditej ve\u013ekosti boli energeticky neutr\u00e1lne. Teda aby spotrebovali to\u013eko energie, ko\u013eko vedia samy vyprodukova\u0165, a to z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov, vr\u00e1tane bioplynu z kalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Komisia tie\u017e navrhuje, \u017ee kal sa bude musie\u0165 recyklova\u0165, pokia\u013e to bude mo\u017en\u00e9. In\u0161tit\u00facia bude ma\u0165 mand\u00e1t pre ur\u010denie minim\u00e1lnych cie\u013eov pre vy\u0165a\u017eenie a vyu\u017eitie fosforu a dus\u00edka z kalu. N\u00e1vrh sa tie\u017e zameriava viac na prevenciu a monitoring zne\u010distenia z in\u00fdch zdrojov, ako s\u00fa dom\u00e1cnosti, teda napr\u00edklad z priemyseln\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzok. Cie\u013eom je zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu kalu a vy\u010distenej vody. Zav\u00e1dza sa klauzula, \u017ee \u0161t\u00e1ty by mali systematicky propagova\u0165 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie vody z \u010distiarn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Exkurzia vo vrakunskej \u010distiarni, ktor\u00e1 sa konala v roku 2019 v r\u00e1mci podujatia What city? Mesto bez odpadu. Foto: Marek Jan\u010d\u00fach<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Sol\u00e1rna su\u0161i\u010dka pre bratislavsk\u00fd kal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Bud\u00face zmeny eur\u00f3pskych smern\u00edc m\u00f4\u017eu u\u017e teraz vpl\u00fdva\u0165 na pl\u00e1ny vod\u00e1rensk\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. BVS spolu s dc\u00e9rskou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Bionenergy predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee kompostovanie kalu z v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u010distiarn\u00ed sa v\u00fdrazne obmedz\u00ed alebo zak\u00e1\u017ee, ako je to v Nemecku. Po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa aj s t\u00fdm, \u017ee raz bud\u00fa stanoven\u00e9 ciele pre z\u00edskavanie fosforu \u010di dus\u00edka aj \u017ee sa bude tla\u010di\u0165 na energetick\u00fa efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 a uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu. Dnes sa vyhnit\u00fd a odvodnen\u00fd kal z bratislavsk\u00fdch \u010distiarn\u00ed kompostuje. No chystaj\u00fa projekt su\u0161enia kalu v sol\u00e1rnych hal\u00e1ch vo vrakunskej \u010distiarni, \u010do by malo by\u0165 energeticky \u201enajrozumnej\u0161ie\u201c rie\u0161enie. Vysu\u0161en\u00fd kal bude mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 ako palivo pre tepl\u00e1rne alebo cement\u00e1rne.\u201eV n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch projektoch skupina BVS uva\u017euje o termickom spracovan\u00ed kalu vo vlastnej r\u00e9\u017eii, ke\u010f z v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho popol\u010deku bude mo\u017en\u00e9 extrahova\u0165 fosfor,\u201c <\/em>vysvet\u013euje gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e Bionenergy Branislav Tedla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade, spom\u00ednan\u00e1 rev\u00edzia smernice sa stretla s kritikou mnoh\u00fdch kraj\u00edn aj vod\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho odvetvia. Pod\u013ea stanoviska Slovenska je nerealisticky ambici\u00f3zna a term\u00edny implement\u00e1cie nie s\u00fa v s\u00falade s cyklami dota\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov a fondov E\u00da. Z legislat\u00edvneho procesu zrejme vz\u00edde kompromis, ale aj ten bude vysoko pravdepodobne tla\u010di\u0165 na zni\u017eovanie energetickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch \u010distiarn\u00ed a cirkul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edstup. T\u00e9me sa teda Slovensko tak \u010di tak nevyhne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Pom\u00f4\u017eu eurofondy?<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
V aktu\u00e1lne za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00facom novom programovom obdob\u00ed s\u00fa eurofondy na kanaliz\u00e1cie nastaven\u00e9 tak, aby sme splnili s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky smernice, alebo aby sa aspo\u0148 s\u010dasti obnovila zastaran\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara. To je z poh\u013eadu cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky a predch\u00e1dzania vzniku (tekut\u00e9ho) odpadu tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Pre netesnosti sa do stokovej siete napr\u00edklad dost\u00e1va podzemn\u00e1 voda a n\u00e1sledne ju zbyto\u010dne v \u010distiar\u0148ach \u010dist\u00edme ako odpadov\u00fa. Eurofondy s\u00fa vy\u010dlenen\u00e9 tie\u017e na vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00e9 opatrenia, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm sa do \u010distiarn\u00ed dostane menej da\u017e\u010fovej vody, ktor\u00fa dnes taktie\u017e \u010dasto zbyto\u010dne \u010dist\u00edme.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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28. J\u00daN 2023<\/p>\n
Text: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nFotografie: <\/strong>Marek Jan\u010d\u00fach, Kallerna<\/a>, In\u0161tit\u00fat cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky a \u0161t\u00fadia Kal nad zlato<\/a>
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Partneri<\/p>\n
\"EU_flag\"<\/p>\n
Toto opatrenie je spolufinancovan\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tento projekt bol financovan\u00fd za podpory Eur\u00f3pskej komisie. Tento obsah odr\u00e1\u017ea v\u00fdlu\u010dne n\u00e1zory autorov a\u00a0Eur\u00f3pska komisia nenesie \u017eiadnu zodpovednos\u0165 za pou\u017eitie obsiahnut\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kal m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zdrojom \u017eiv\u00edn pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Vy\u010disten\u00e1 voda z\u00a0\u010distiarn\u00ed by zase mohla v\u00a0\u010dase klimatickej kr\u00edzy zavla\u017ei\u0165 na\u0161e polia. No treba to spravi\u0165 tak, aby sme si z\u00e1rove\u0148 nekontaminovali p\u00f4du.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"autor":[350],"vydanie":[341],"partner":[],"class_list":["post-20294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cirkularne-mesto","autor-pavla-lenyiova","vydanie-cycle-up"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u010co m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161al\u00e1t na na\u0161om tanieri s\u00a0\u010distiar\u0148ou odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d? - CTZN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/co-moze-mat-spolocne-salat-na-nasom-tanieri-s-cistiarnou-odpadovych-vod\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u010co m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161al\u00e1t na na\u0161om tanieri s\u00a0\u010distiar\u0148ou odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d? - CTZN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kal m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zdrojom \u017eiv\u00edn pre po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. 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