{"id":21169,"date":"2023-12-11T15:50:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T14:50:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=21169"},"modified":"2026-05-21T17:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T15:48:33","slug":"kto-triedi-dobre-plati-menej-kto-zle-dostane-pokutu-do-talianskej-provincie-treviso-sa-chodi-svet-ucit-ako-na-odpad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/kto-triedi-dobre-plati-menej-kto-zle-dostane-pokutu-do-talianskej-provincie-treviso-sa-chodi-svet-ucit-ako-na-odpad\/","title":{"rendered":"Kto triedi dobre, plat\u00ed menej, kto zle, dostane pokutu. Do talianskej provincie Treviso sa chod\u00ed svet u\u010di\u0165, ako na odpad"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mobiln\u00fd kontajner v Trevise. Slu\u017eba sa vol\u00e1 Ecostop. Foto: Contarina
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V\u00fdborn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky dosiahli aj preto, \u017ee smetiari sa pozeraj\u00fa do ko\u0161ov a kontroluj\u00fa, \u010di tam nie je to, \u010do tam nepatr\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/strong>\n<\/a><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u2022 V Cirkul\u00e1rnom meste koluj\u00fa zdroje, materi\u00e1ly, v\u00fdrobky aj energia. Brownfieldy sa recykluj\u00fa na nov\u00e9 \u0161tvrte, autobusy jazdia na plyn z bioodpadu, star\u00fd n\u00e1bytok kon\u010d\u00ed v reuse centre. V\u00fdrobky sa udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u010do najdlh\u0161ie v obehu, \u0161etria sa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje, eliminuj\u00fa emisie. V tejto rubrike v spolupr\u00e1ci s In\u0161tit\u00fatom cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky<\/a> sledujeme t\u00e9mu cirkul\u00e1rnych miest a ukazujeme, ak\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny potrebujeme zavies\u0165 na Slovensku.<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Malebn\u00e9 historick\u00e9 centrum mesta Treviso kri\u017euj\u00fa na p\u00e1r miestach rieka a kan\u00e1ly a pripom\u00edna trochu Ben\u00e1tky. B\u00fdva tu okolo 80 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed a ide o najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu spomedzi 49 samospr\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 spolu vlastnia spolo\u010dnos\u0165 na mana\u017eovanie odpadu pod n\u00e1zvom Contarina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1 zaviedla model motiva\u010dn\u00fdch poplatkov za zvoz odpadu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto obciach. Spomedzi nich sme si ako cie\u013e n\u00e1v\u0161tevy z\u00e1merne vybrali pr\u00e1ve mesto Treviso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na Slovensku toti\u017e mnoh\u00ed akt\u00e9ri v odpadovom hospod\u00e1rstve, ako napr\u00edklad Zdru\u017eenia miest a obc\u00ed Slovenska, pochybuj\u00fa o tom, \u017ee by sa adresn\u00e9 a motivuj\u00face poplatky za odpad dali zavies\u0165 v meste, respekt\u00edve v bytovk\u00e1ch. Argumentuj\u00fa, \u017ee odpad v tomto pr\u00edpade kon\u010d\u00ed anonymne v spolo\u010dn\u00fdch kontajneroch. Ned\u00e1 sa pon\u00faknu\u0165 z\u013eava dom\u00e1cnostiam, ktor\u00e9 triedia lep\u0161ie \u2013 nem\u00e1me na to d\u00e1ta. V Trevise v\u0161ak na\u0161li cestu, ako mestsk\u00fa anonymitu prekona\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mo\u017eno nie je ide\u00e1lnym vzorom pre miesta ako Petr\u017ealka, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161iu z\u00e1stavbu, ale mohlo by by\u0165 in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre mnoh\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 mest\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Mesto Treviso je hlavn\u00fdm mestom rovnomennej provincie. T\u00e1 m\u00e1 spolu 94 samospr\u00e1v. 49 z nich spoluvlastn\u00ed spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Contarina, ktor\u00e1 sa im star\u00e1 o odpad . Foto: Andrea Osti \/ Flickr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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O\u010dipovan\u00e9 ko\u0161e do ka\u017edej dom\u00e1cnosti<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Dosiahli to zru\u0161en\u00edm zdie\u013ean\u00fdch kontajnerov. Takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svoje vlastn\u00e9 ko\u0161e. Do datab\u00e1zy sa zaznamen\u00e1va po\u010det v\u00fdsypov zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu danej dom\u00e1cnosti a pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka tomu je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 poplatky motiva\u010dne. Vyu\u017e\u00edva sa pri tom NFC technol\u00f3gia, ak\u00fdsi \u010dip na ko\u0161i, podobne ako v kreditn\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ke\u010f v stredu ve\u010der mierim z vlakovej stanice do centra Trevisa, m\u00ed\u0148am rady men\u0161\u00edch aj v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch smetiakov. S\u00fa vylo\u017een\u00e9 na ulici pri niektor\u00fdch domoch. Na druh\u00fd de\u0148 r\u00e1no bud\u00fa toti\u017e smetiari zv\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 tri druhy odpadu. Kto m\u00e1 svoje ko\u0161e pln\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017ee ich vylo\u017ei\u0165 na ulicu pred dom u\u017e ve\u010der pred zvozom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nie je to \u00faplne dokonal\u00e9. Z niektor\u00fdch n\u00e1dob tr\u010d\u00ed odpad, vid\u00edm aj prasknut\u00fd k\u00f4\u0161. Celkovo v\u0161ak mesto p\u00f4sob\u00ed sk\u00f4r \u010dist\u00fdm dojmom. Aj pre absenciu stoj\u00edsk so spolo\u010dn\u00fdmi kontajnermi a s nadrozmern\u00fdm odpadom pohoden\u00fdm naokolo, ako to ob\u010das b\u00fdva u n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Ve\u010der pred zvozom odpadu v Trevise. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Nadrozmern\u00fd odpad na uliciach nevidie\u0165. Podobne ako u n\u00e1s, aj v provincii Treviso maj\u00fa na tento \u00fa\u010del zriaden\u00e9 zbern\u00e9 dvory. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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M\u00e1ria Hinnerov\u00e1. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1
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Mierim k Slovenke M\u00e1rii Hinnerovej, ktor\u00e1 v Trevise \u017eije u\u017e 20 rokov. Za\u017eila tento syst\u00e9m zberu odpadu od jeho za\u010diatkov. B\u00fdva v rodinnom dome, ale hne\u010f ved\u013ea prenaj\u00edma \u0161tudentk\u00e1m byt, a tak vie porovna\u0165, ako sa tieto dve \u017eivotn\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie l\u00ed\u0161ia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1lepka na ko\u0161i za zl\u00e9 triedenie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Slovenka m\u00e1 doma v gar\u00e1\u017ei \u0161tyri 120-litrov\u00e9 kontajnery na zmesov\u00fd odpad, papier, zelen\u00fd odpad zo z\u00e1hrady a sklo s plastmi a plechovkami. Okrem toho maj\u00fa 22-litrov\u00fd k\u00f4\u0161 na kuchynsk\u00fd bioodpad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
V prenaj\u00edmanom byte je menej miesta, preto s\u00fa tam len jeden mal\u00fd k\u00f4\u0161 na bioodpad a tri 40-litrov\u00e9 kontajnery. St\u00e1le s\u00fa pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e9, ale daj\u00fa sa na seba aspo\u0148 nastohova\u0165, predv\u00e1dza Hinnerov\u00e1. Aj tieto ko\u0161e poputuj\u00fa dnes ve\u010der na ulicu pred dom, aby ich r\u00e1no mohli smetiari vypr\u00e1zdni\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento model je pohodln\u00fd, ke\u010f\u017ee odpad netreba nikam nosi\u0165. Na druhej strane obyvate\u013e mus\u00ed sledova\u0165 kalend\u00e1r zvozu odpadu a nezabudn\u00fa\u0165 po v\u00fdsype ko\u0161e zase schova\u0165. Pod\u013ea M\u00e1rie Hinnerovej to v\u0161ak za\u0165a\u017euj\u00face nie je. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby si to zobral jeden \u010dlen dom\u00e1cnosti na staros\u0165. V ich pr\u00edpade je to jej man\u017eel. \u201eOn to dr\u017e\u00ed v hlave,\u201c <\/em>kon\u0161tatuje a dod\u00e1va, \u017ee prinajhor\u0161om je mo\u017en\u00e9 poprosi\u0165 suseda o pomoc, ak \u010dlovek nest\u00edha k\u00f4\u0161 schova\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A \u010do ak zme\u0161kaj\u00fa term\u00edn napr\u00edklad na plasty, no k\u00f4\u0161 je u\u017e pln\u00fd? Aspo\u0148 n\u00e1s to n\u00fati stl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 odpad, reaguje Slovenka. \u201eNa\u0161e podn\u00e1jomn\u00ed\u010dky sa preto nau\u010dili stl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 PET f\u013ea\u0161e,\u201c <\/em>hovor\u00ed. Aj pre odpadov\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 je efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie neprev\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 \u201evzduch\u201c. <\/p>\n\n\n
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\n                    \n                        V talianskom Trevise sa vytriedi takmer 90\u00a0% odpadu. Ako\u00a0motivova\u0165 na\u0161e mest\u00e1?                    <\/a>\n                <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Probl\u00e9m vid\u00ed sk\u00f4r v tom, \u017ee do ich ko\u0161a za posledn\u00fd rok a pol niekto dvakr\u00e1t hodil svoj odpad: \u201eR\u00e1no sme si na\u0161li od Contariny odkaz, \u017ee to tam nepatr\u00ed.\u201c <\/em>Pracovn\u00edci Contariny toti\u017e smeti kontroluj\u00fa. Kto zle triedi, alebo n\u00e1dobu prepln\u00ed nad povolen\u00fd objem, n\u00e1jde si na ko\u0161i n\u00e1lepku. Po troch tak\u00fdchto upozorneniach nasleduje pokuta. Slovenke sa vtedy podarilo spolo\u010dnosti vysvetli\u0165, \u017ee \u0161lo o cudzie smeti. Pokutu jej rodina nikdy nedostala a ani nepozn\u00e1 nikoho in\u00e9ho, kto by ju dostal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A ako to teda funguje s motiva\u010dn\u00fdmi poplatkami? K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd je po\u010det v\u00fdsypov zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu. \u010c\u00edm ich je menej, t\u00fdm ni\u017e\u0161ia je variabiln\u00e1 zlo\u017eka poplatku. Za v\u00fdvoz zelen\u00e9ho odpadu zo z\u00e1hrad sa plat\u00ed. Kto kompostuje doma, dostane 30 % z\u013eavu z variabilnej zlo\u017eky. Ur\u010dit\u00fd fixn\u00fd poplatok za minim\u00e1lny po\u010det v\u00fdsypov zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu musia v\u0161ak plati\u0165 v\u0161etci, aj t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa majstri v zero waste. Je to dobr\u00e1 prevencia proti \u010diernym skl\u00e1dkam. Inak by hrozilo, \u017ee sa niekto zbav\u00ed odpadu neleg\u00e1lne len preto, aby u\u0161etril.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Upozornenie na nespr\u00e1vne nar\u00e1banie s odpadom, ktor\u00e9 si m\u00f4\u017ee obyvate\u013e n\u00e1js\u0165 na ko\u0161i. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1
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M\u00e1ria Hinnerov\u00e1 ukazuje, ako sa daj\u00fa ko\u0161e stohova\u0165. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Automat na kompostovate\u013en\u00e9 vreck\u00e1 na bioodpad<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Kuchynsk\u00fd odpad sa zbiera do kompostovate\u013en\u00fdch vreciek, ktor\u00e9 dost\u00e1va od Contariny. Ke\u010f sa jej min\u00fa, sta\u010d\u00ed desa\u0165min\u00fatov\u00e1 prech\u00e1dzka k najbli\u017e\u0161iemu verejn\u00e9mu automatu, ktor\u00fd jej na z\u00e1klade zdravotnej karti\u010dky poistenca vyd\u00e1 nov\u00e9 vreck\u00e1. N\u00e1klady na vreck\u00e1 s\u00fa zoh\u013eadnen\u00e9 v poplatku za odpad. Navy\u0161e, v Taliansku u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov plat\u00ed v supermarketoch z\u00e1kaz plastov\u00fdch ta\u0161iek a vreciek na zeleninu a ovocie v supermarketoch. Obchodn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu poskytova\u0165 len kompostovate\u013en\u00e9. Ak nest\u00edha \u00eds\u0165 do automatu, sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017ei\u0165 vrecko z n\u00e1kupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Celkovo si M\u00e1ria Hinnerov\u00e1 odpadov\u00fd mana\u017ement v meste pochva\u013euje a spom\u00edna si len na jednu zn\u00e1mu, ktorej nevyhovoval. Zhodnou okolnost\u00ed i\u0161lo tie\u017e Slovenku. \u201eH\u00e1dzala v\u0161etko do zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu, a potom jej pri\u0161la tak\u00e1 neskuto\u010dn\u00e1 platba, \u017ee si to ve\u013emi dobre rozmyslela a za\u010dala kone\u010dne recyklova\u0165.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Smetiarske aut\u00e1 ako plan\u00e9ta so satelitmi <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Motiva\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky a pokuty mohla odpadov\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zavies\u0165 v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee zbiera odpad od dver\u00ed k dver\u00e1m. Contarina dnes obsluhuje vy\u0161e pol mili\u00f3na obyvate\u013eov provincie Treviso v ben\u00e1tskom regi\u00f3ne, \u010do je zhruba 260 tis\u00edc dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, respekt\u00edve u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Zbiera odpad v podhorsk\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch \u00c1lp, v dedin\u00e1ch aj meste, ka\u017ed\u00fd typ z\u00e1stavby si vy\u017eaduje trochu in\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ak sa naozaj chc\u00fa dosta\u0165 ku dver\u00e1m ka\u017edej dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podriadili tomu vozov\u00fd park, \u010do vid\u00edm pri ra\u0148aj\u0161om zvoze v jednej z obc\u00ed. Prich\u00e1dza men\u0161ie smetiarske auto, ktor\u00e9 obsluhuje len jeden pracovn\u00edk. Na\u010d\u00edta v\u00fdsyp do datab\u00e1zy cez NFC technol\u00f3giu na ko\u0161i a pripevn\u00ed ho k autu, kde sa automaticky zdvihne a vysype.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Zberov\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 s\u00fa men\u0161ie a obsluhuje ich len jeden pracovn\u00edk. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Nesk\u00f4r sa stret\u00e1vame s Andreom Verim, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti logistiku zvozu. Vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee v\u00fdhodou t\u00fdchto \u00e1ut je, \u017ee sa dostan\u00fa aj do \u00fazkych uli\u010diek. V\u010faka tomu zbieraj\u00fa odpad naozaj takmer od ka\u017ed\u00fdch jednotliv\u00fdch dver\u00ed, maj\u00fa preh\u013ead o ka\u017edej dom\u00e1cnosti zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a m\u00f4\u017eu aj kontrolova\u0165, \u010di triedi spr\u00e1vne. Tieto aut\u00e1 v\u0161ak maj\u00fa men\u0161iu kapacitu. Preto na strategick\u00fdch miestach parkuj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie aut\u00e1 \u2013 kami\u00f3ny, do ktor\u00fdch tie men\u0161ie zv\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa odpad v\u017edy, ke\u010f sa naplnia. \u201eVol\u00e1me to plan\u00e9ta a satelity,\u201c<\/em> hovor\u00ed Veri.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Vozov\u00fd park. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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V\u00fdskumy u\u017e preuk\u00e1zali,<\/a> \u017ee pri zbere od dver\u00ed k dver\u00e1m \u013eudia triedia lep\u0161ie a vyzbieran\u00fd odpad je kvalitnej\u0161\u00ed, \u010do potvrdzuje aj Veri. V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku pod\u013ea neho pri predaji materi\u00e1lov na recykl\u00e1ciu zarobia viac. Kompenzuje sa tak to, \u017ee tento logistick\u00fd model je zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed na pl\u00e1novanie a vy\u017eaduje si to viac \u00e1ut a pracovn\u00edkov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
V meste Treviso je to e\u0161te o nie\u010do komplikovanej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Slu\u017eby navy\u0161e navrhnut\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne pre Treviso<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
V Trevise zaviedli zber odpadu od dver\u00ed k dver\u00e1m a motiva\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky v roku 2014, komunika\u010dn\u00fa kampa\u0148 spustili u\u017e v roku 2013. Ako si \u013eudia zvykali na to, \u017ee u\u017e nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii kontajnerov\u00e9 stojisk\u00e1? \u201eTo bol najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, lebo boli dovtedy zvyknut\u00ed vyhadzova\u0165 odpad hocikedy,\u201c <\/em>hovor\u00ed Marco Mattiello, mana\u017e\u00e9r pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy a komunik\u00e1ciu zo spolo\u010dnosti Contarina. Nie v\u0161etci \u010d\u00edtali osvetov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, a tak spo\u010diatku zost\u00e1vali na ulici dokonca star\u00e9 matrace. \u201ePo mesiaci v\u0161ak bolo v\u0161etko pod kontrolou,\u201c <\/em>kon\u0161tatuje. Za nieko\u013eko mesiacov v Trevise sko\u010dili z miery triedenia 52 % na 85 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kto nem\u00e1 v byte dos\u0165 miesta, dostal men\u0161ie 30-litrov\u00e9 ko\u0161e alebo vrecia, pri\u010dom aj vrece na zmesov\u00fd odpad m\u00e1 NFC transpond\u00e9r, aby sa dal jeho zvoz adresne evidova\u0165. V pr\u00edpade ve\u013emi mal\u00fdch bytov sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017ei\u0165 na trieden\u00fd zber a bioodpad spolo\u010dn\u00e9 kontajnery. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak plat\u00ed, \u017ee svoj 30-litrov\u00fd k\u00f4\u0161 na zmesov\u00fd odpad maj\u00fa \u013eudia doma a v\u00fdsypy sa adresne eviduj\u00fa. Len 3 % dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed v Trevise pre stiesnen\u00e9 priestory zdie\u013ea aj kontajner na zmesov\u00fd odpad. Aj v tomto pr\u00edpade je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 z\u013eavu za triedenie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Tam, kde je vysok\u00e1 a hust\u00e1 bytov\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba a m\u00e1lo miest na vylo\u017eenie ko\u0161ov, zdie\u013eaj\u00fa susedia kontajnery na separovan\u00fd odpad. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1
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V meste bolo treba zavies\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie slu\u017eby navy\u0161e. B\u00fdval\u00fd dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd starosta Altivole v provincii Treviso a dnes prezident Contariny Sergio Baldin prizn\u00e1va, \u017ee zber odpadu v Trevise je drah\u0161\u00ed v porovnan\u00ed s vidiekom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
V historickom centre Trevisa napr\u00edklad zv\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa kuchynsk\u00fd bioodpad trikr\u00e1t, inde len dvakr\u00e1t do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a. Okrem toho prem\u00e1va p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a v centre a \u010dasti okolo centra Trevisa takzvan\u00fd Ecobus pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00fdm lep\u0161ie vyhovuje vynies\u0165 odpad ve\u010der. Vozidlo m\u00e1 vopred stanoven\u00fa trasu a zast\u00e1vky, na ktor\u00fdch sa zdr\u017e\u00ed 30 min\u00fat. Odpad tam obyvate\u013e odovzd\u00e1 obsluhe, v\u00fdsyp sa zaznamen\u00e1 do datab\u00e1zy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010eal\u0161ou slu\u017ebou je Ecostop. Je to nie\u010do ako mobiln\u00fd kontajner, ktor\u00fd prem\u00e1va dvakr\u00e1t do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a a rob\u00ed hodinov\u00e9 zast\u00e1vky na dvoch tras\u00e1ch, kde je taktie\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 odovzda\u0165 odpad pracovn\u00edkovi Contariny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okrem slu\u017eieb navy\u0161e bola zaveden\u00e1 aj pokuta navy\u0161e. Tentokr\u00e1t ale \u0161lo o iniciat\u00edvu starostu Maria Conteho, a to pre ko\u0161e zabudnut\u00e9 na uliciach. V niektor\u00fdch \u010dastiach mesta zost\u00e1vali pod\u013ea neho vylo\u017een\u00e9 cel\u00e9 dni a n\u00e1hodn\u00ed okoloid\u00faci ich vyu\u017e\u00edvali na to, aby sa zbavili svojho odpadu. \u0160\u00edril sa odtia\u013e z\u00e1pach, hlavne v hor\u00facich d\u0148och. Minul\u00fd rok starosta vydal do\u010dasn\u00fa vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku<\/a> s platnos\u0165ou do konca decembra. Hrozila pod\u013ea nej pokuta 25 a\u017e 500 eur pre toho, kto nech\u00e1 svoju n\u00e1dobu na ulici 24 hod\u00edn po vypr\u00e1zdnen\u00ed. Pri mojej n\u00e1v\u0161teve v\u0161ak nejak\u00fd pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1padn\u00fd neporiadok \u010di z\u00e1pach nepozorujem. P\u00fdtam sa na vyhl\u00e1\u0161ku aj M\u00e1rie Hinnerovej. Nevie o nej a ani nem\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee by v meste boli v tomto smere probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kde kon\u010d\u00ed vytrieden\u00fd odpad?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m postupne prin\u00e1\u0161al v\u00fdsledky a \u013eudia produkovali \u010doraz menej zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu. Kedysi ho bolo treba zv\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 raz t\u00fd\u017edenne. Pred 15 rokmi pre\u0161li na frekvenciu raz za dva t\u00fd\u017edne. \u201eTeraz prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eame, \u017ee zredukujeme zvoz zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu a nav\u00fd\u0161ime zvozy papiera,\u201c <\/em>hovor\u00ed Manola Artuso, mana\u017e\u00e9rka z riadiaceho oddelenia. V Trevise v roku 2022 \u013eudia vytriedili 86,8 % odpadu. Priemer za v\u0161etk\u00fdch 49 obc\u00ed je takmer 90 %. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010co sa deje \u010falej s t\u00fdmto starostlivo vyseparovan\u00fdm odpadom? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010caka\u010dka na kompost z bioodpadu<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Prid\u00e1vam sa k deleg\u00e1cii expertov z Ju\u017enej Ameriky, ktor\u00e1 pri\u0161la na exkurziu do prev\u00e1dzok Contariny. Mimochodom v septembri boli na podobnej n\u00e1v\u0161teve z\u00e1stupcovia slovensk\u00fdch a \u010desk\u00fdch samospr\u00e1v. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vch\u00e1dzame do obrovskej krytej haly a do nosa n\u00e1m udrie typick\u00fd pach. Sme v kompost\u00e1rni. Kuchynsk\u00fd bioodpad a zelen\u00fd odpad zo z\u00e1hrad, ktor\u00e9 tvoria nie\u010do vy\u0161e 30 % vyzbieran\u00e9ho komun\u00e1lneho odpadu, tu mixuj\u00fa v ur\u010ditom pomere a potom smeruj\u00fa do susednej bioplynovej stanice. Je nov\u00e1, funguje len pol roka a financovan\u00e1 bola z talianskeho Pl\u00e1nu obnovy a odolnosti. Bez pr\u00edstupu kysl\u00edka tam vznik\u00e1 bioplyn, ktor\u00fd do\u010dis\u0165uj\u00fa na biomet\u00e1n. \u010cas\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa po stla\u010den\u00ed ako palivo pre zhruba 200 z vy\u0161e 650 smetiarskych \u00e1ut. \u010cas\u0165 chc\u00fa vtl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 do plynovodnej siete ako n\u00e1hradu fos\u00edlneho zemn\u00e9ho plynu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Z krytej kompost\u00e1rne sa odv\u00e1dza vzduch. N\u00e1sledne prech\u00e1dza cez biofilter, aby sa eliminoval z\u00e1pach v okol\u00ed prev\u00e1dzky. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1
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Bioplynov\u00e1 stanica. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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V bioplynovej stanici vznik\u00e1 tekut\u00fd digest\u00e1t. Ten vracaj\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 do kompost\u00e1rne a po zmie\u0161an\u00ed so zelen\u00fdm bioodpadom zo z\u00e1hrad a parkov vznik\u00e1 kompost. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na Slovensku sa kompost\u00e1rne \u010dasto boria s t\u00fdm, \u017ee \u013eudia do bioodpadu h\u00e1d\u017eu aj to, \u010do tam nepatr\u00ed, napr\u00edklad plasty. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt potom nie je kvalitn\u00fd. Contarina tak\u00fdmto komplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m ne\u010del\u00ed. Zber bioodpadu zav\u00e1dzali postupne a kontinu\u00e1lne robili osvetu. \u201eNe\u010distoty tvoria pol percenta. \u013dudia robia chyby, ale ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo,\u201c <\/em>pochva\u013euje si mana\u017e\u00e9r kompost\u00e1rne a bioplynovej stanice Alex Minuzzo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marco Mattiello vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee pomohol aj celon\u00e1rodn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz plastov\u00fdch ta\u0161iek a vreciek v supermarketoch. Ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa v\u0161etky kompostovate\u013en\u00e9, neprek\u00e1\u017ea, ak \u013eudia zbieraj\u00fa bioodpad do nich.<\/p>\n\n\n
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\n                \u010c\u00edta\u0165 \u010falej<\/a>\n                
\n                    \n                        Aut\u00e1 tu ust\u00fapili \u013eu\u010fom a s bytmi sa ned\u00e1 \u0161pekulova\u0165. Ako\u00a0sa\u00a0\u017eije\u00a0vo viedenskej \u0161tvrti\u00a0Seestadt?                    <\/a>\n                <\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
Kde kon\u010d\u00ed nerecyklovate\u013en\u00fd odpad?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Z kompost\u00e1rne sa pres\u00favame do prev\u00e1dzky na spracovanie trieden\u00e9ho odpadu, ktor\u00fd sa posiela \u010falej na recykl\u00e1ciu. Vid\u00edme aj bal\u00edky zlisovan\u00fdch PET flia\u0161. K\u00fdm u n\u00e1s u\u017e funguje z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v Taliansku ho nemaj\u00fa a v Contarine o \u0148om nechc\u00fa ani po\u010du\u0165 \u2013 finan\u010dne by stratili na predaji tohto rentabiln\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Tona sa d\u00e1 preda\u0165 zhruba za 450 eur. Pod\u013ea Marca Mattiella pln\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch 49 samospr\u00e1v u\u017e teraz ciele zberu pre PET f\u013ea\u0161e definovan\u00e9 eur\u00f3pskou legislat\u00edvou a z\u00e1lohov\u00fd syst\u00e9m nepotrebuj\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Contarina neprev\u00e1dzkuje skl\u00e1dku ani spa\u013eov\u0148u. Pred rokmi polovicu firmy vlastnil s\u00fakromn\u00fd investor, druh\u00fa polovicu samospr\u00e1vy. Rozi\u0161li sa v dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokoch v momente, ke\u010f sa nepohodli na tom, \u010di treba postavi\u0165 spa\u013eov\u0148u, starostovia boli proti. Aj to je pod\u013ea Zero waste Europe<\/a> jedn\u00fdm z vysvetlen\u00ed, pre\u010do dosahuj\u00fa dnes tak\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v trieden\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Doned\u00e1vna vyr\u00e1bali z nerecyklovate\u013en\u00e9ho odpadu takzvan\u00e9 tuh\u00e9 alternat\u00edvne palivo (TAP) na energetick\u00e9 zhodnotenie. U\u017e p\u00e1r mesiacov to v\u0161ak nerobia. Ben\u00e1tsky regi\u00f3n to u\u017e nepova\u017euje za strategick\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, navy\u0161e ich prev\u00e1dzka na v\u00fdrobu TAP je zastaran\u00e1 a treba ju zmodernizova\u0165. Nerecyklovate\u013en\u00fd odpad vozia bu\u010f do spa\u013eovne do vy\u0161e 40 kilometrov vzdialenej Padovy, alebo na skl\u00e1dku, ktor\u00e1 je vy\u0161e sto kilometrov \u010faleko. T\u00e1 druh\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 v roku 2022 sa t\u00fdkala len 5 % komun\u00e1lneho odpadu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Marco Mattiello, mana\u017e\u00e9r pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy a komunik\u00e1ciu zo spolo\u010dnosti Contarina v prev\u00e1dzke na spracovanie vytrieden\u00e9ho odpadu. Foto: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1
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A ko\u013eko percent z vytrieden\u00e9ho odpadu sa skuto\u010dne zrecykluje? To nie je \u013eahk\u00e9 vyp\u00e1tra\u0165. Contarina si d\u00e1va vypracova\u0165 anal\u00fdzy. Pod\u013ea d\u00e1t za rok 2021<\/a> sa napr\u00edklad materi\u00e1lovo zhodnotilo a\u017e 99 % papiera, 87 % plechoviek a 90 % skla. Pri plastoch sa takto vyu\u017eilo 61 % odpadu, 36 % sa zhodnotilo energeticky. Zo zmesov\u00e9ho odpadu vedeli vytiahnu\u0165 a materi\u00e1lovo zhodnoti\u0165 len 0,3 %, ale 70 % sa vyu\u017eilo aspo\u0148 energeticky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nielen dobre triedia, ale celkovo vyhadzuj\u00fa menej<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Impozantn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v trieden\u00ed a recykl\u00e1cii mo\u017eno nie s\u00fa to najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie na tomto pr\u00edbehu. V tejto provincii sa dar\u00ed dr\u017ea\u0165 na uzde aj celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vyprodukovan\u00e9ho odpadu, \u010do je pre ochranu pr\u00edrody a kl\u00edmy e\u0161te d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je to prekvapiv\u00e9, preto\u017ee vo v\u0161eobecnosti plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie HDP, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia produkcia odpadu na hlavu. Provincia Treviso je jedn\u00fdm z najbohat\u0161\u00edch regi\u00f3nov Talianska, napriek tomu priemern\u00e1 produkcia odpadu na ob\u010dana za rok 2022 je 386 kg<\/a>, \u010do je pod priemerom Talianska (502 kg<\/a>), dokonca aj pod priemerom Slovenska (v roku 2021 to bolo pod\u013ea Eurostatu 497 kg). Pre\u010do je to tak? <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNem\u00e1m na to vedeck\u00fa odpove\u010f,\u201c <\/em>hovor\u00ed Marco Mattiello. \u010cas\u0165 vysvetlenia pod\u013ea neho tkvie zrejme v tom, \u017ee 10 % obyvate\u013eov kompostuje bioodpad doma a predch\u00e1dza tak vzniku odpadu. \u00c1no, maj\u00fa aj \u010dierne skl\u00e1dky. Pribli\u017ene raz mesa\u010dne nejak\u00fa n\u00e1jdu. Je to v\u0161ak len 108 gramov na obyvate\u013ea za rok, aj v\u010faka spom\u00ednan\u00e9mu fixn\u00e9mu poplatku. Zrejme to teda nebude o tom, \u017ee by odpad zo \u0161tatist\u00edk mizol pr\u00e1ve na neleg\u00e1lnych skl\u00e1dkach. 
\u010eal\u0161\u00edm vysvetlen\u00edm by mohla by\u0165 kontinu\u00e1lna osveta. Contarina vyd\u00e1va \u010dasopis, organizuje dni otvoren\u00fdch dver\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 tento rok nav\u0161t\u00edvilo okolo 2000 \u013eud\u00ed. Vytvorili aplik\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fa si stiahlo 20 500 u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Vytvorili 30 vzdel\u00e1vac\u00edch modulov pre deti vo veku od \u0161es\u0165 do osemn\u00e1s\u0165 rokov. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 tr\u00e9nuje mimovl\u00e1dky, ktor\u00e9 potom obch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u0161koly v regi\u00f3ne. M\u00e1ria Hinnerov\u00e1 potvrdzuje, \u017ee aj jej deti pre\u0161li t\u00fdmto vzdel\u00e1van\u00edm a medzi prv\u00e9 \u0161kolsk\u00e9 v\u00fdlety patrila pr\u00e1ve n\u00e1v\u0161teva v odpadovej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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7. DECEMBER 2023<\/p>\n
Text: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nFotografie: <\/strong>Contarina, Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1, Andrea Osti \/ Flickr<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Partneri<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00fdborn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky dosiahli aj preto, \u017ee smetiari sa pozeraj\u00fa do ko\u0161ov a kontroluj\u00fa, \u010di tam nie je to, \u010do tam nepatr\u00ed. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21150,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"autor":[350],"vydanie":[343],"partner":[],"class_list":["post-21169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cirkularne-mesto","autor-pavla-lenyiova","vydanie-ako-tu-mozeme-zit"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKto triedi dobre, plat\u00ed menej, kto zle, dostane pokutu. 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