{"id":21703,"date":"2024-02-28T09:54:58","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T08:54:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=21703"},"modified":"2026-05-21T18:00:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T16:00:25","slug":"prestupit-z-auta-na-kolobezku-stacilo-ludi-postuchnut-v-aplikacii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/prestupit-z-auta-na-kolobezku-stacilo-ludi-postuchnut-v-aplikacii\/","title":{"rendered":"Prest\u00fapi\u0165 z auta na kolobe\u017eku? Sta\u010dilo \u013eud\u00ed po\u0161tuchn\u00fa\u0165 v aplik\u00e1cii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Foto: Bolt
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Experimentom sme zistili, \u017ee mo\u017enos\u0165 vo\u013eby v aplik\u00e1cii v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161ilo po\u010det ciest uroben\u00fdch na e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch a zn\u00ed\u017eilo po\u010det j\u00e1zd v tax\u00edkoch. Po\u0161tuchnutie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 efekt\u00edvnym n\u00e1strojom na ovplyvnenie cestovn\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov bez toho, aby sa siahlo po tradi\u010dn\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00fdch opatreniach, napr\u00edklad daniach alebo re\u0161trikci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Peter Mesar\u010d\n<\/strong>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Autor je Country Manager pre kolobe\u017eky Bolt v \u010ceskej republike a Slovenskej republike <\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Platforma Bolt je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm eur\u00f3pskym prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eom zdie\u013ean\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii v 25 krajin\u00e1ch, vo viac ako 250 mest\u00e1ch v Eur\u00f3pe. Je to pre n\u00e1s misia, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s zav\u00e4zuje zlep\u0161i\u0165 dostupnos\u0165, bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 mestskej dopravy. \u013dudia si mylne myslia, \u017ee Bolt s\u00fa len tax\u00edky. Ale Bolt je univerz\u00e1lna superaplik\u00e1cia na mobilitu, pomocou ktorej sa m\u00f4\u017eete odviez\u0165 tax\u00edkom, prenaja\u0165 si kolobe\u017eku alebo elektrobicykel, da\u0165 si doviez\u0165 jedlo alebo n\u00e1kup a v niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch u\u017e aj po\u017ei\u010da\u0165 auto. Neust\u00e1le sa sna\u017e\u00edme na v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto vertik\u00e1lach ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u0165 a zdokona\u013eova\u0165 prechod od vlastn\u00edctva automobilov k zdie\u013eanej mobilite a pon\u00faka\u0165 lep\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy vr\u00e1tane prepravy, zdie\u013eania automobilov a elektrick\u00fdch kolobe\u017eiek \u010di bicyklov, ako aj doru\u010dovania potrav\u00edn a jedla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kolobe\u017eka namiesto tax\u00edka<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
V roku 2022 sme v spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u00f3rskym In\u0161tit\u00fatom pre ekonomiku dopravy (T\u00d8I) uskuto\u010dnili \u0161t\u00fadiu vplyvu akt\u00edvnej podpory pou\u017e\u00edvania kolobe\u017eiek v r\u00e1mci aplik\u00e1cie Bolt. I\u0161lo o pilotn\u00fd projekt s n\u00e1zvom \u201eZn\u00ed\u017eenie pou\u017e\u00edvania automobilov prostredn\u00edctvome-kolobe\u017eky<\/a>\u201c, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom bolo povzbudi\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov na\u0161ej aplik\u00e1cie, aby si na cesty, krat\u0161ie ako 3 kilometre, rad\u0161ej vybrali zdie\u013ean\u00fa kolobe\u017eku namiesto tax\u00edka. Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, ke\u010f si \u010dlovek chcel objedna\u0165 tax\u00edk napr\u00edklad z pr\u00e1ce domov (a bola by to cesta krat\u0161ia ako 3 km), aplik\u00e1cia ho namiesto toho upozornila na vo\u013en\u00fa kolobe\u017eku v jeho bl\u00edzkosti, teda zhruba do 300 metrov. A stalo sa to, \u017ee a\u017e 60 % pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov si to rozmyslelo a uprednostnilo kolobe\u017eku pred tax\u00edkom. E\u0161te lep\u0161ie na tom je, \u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch pod\u013ea tejto \u0161t\u00fadie do\u0161lo k trvalej zmene n\u00e1vykov v oblasti mobility, pri\u010dom \u013eudia neprestali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kolobe\u017eky ani po skon\u010den\u00ed projektu. In\u00fdmi slovami, hne\u010f ako zistili, ak\u00e9 je vyu\u017e\u00edvanie kolobe\u017eky jednoduch\u00e9 a pohodln\u00e9, vzr\u00e1stla pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa v bud\u00facnosti namiesto auta rozhodn\u00fa pr\u00e1ve pre tento sp\u00f4sob dopravy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Ako ch\u00e1pa\u0165 nudging \u2013 po\u0161tuchnutie?<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Podnet alebo po\u0161tuchnutie je ak\u00fdko\u013evek aspekt architekt\u00fary vo\u013eby, ktor\u00fd men\u00ed spr\u00e1vanie \u013eud\u00ed predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom bez toho, aby zakazoval ak\u00e9ko\u013evek mo\u017enosti, alebo v\u00fdrazne
menil ich ekonomick\u00e9 stimuly. Aby sa z\u00e1sah do vo\u013eby pova\u017eoval za oby\u010dajn\u00e9 po\u0161tuchnutie, mus\u00ed by\u0165 to by\u0165 jednoduch\u00e1 a lacn\u00e1 alternat\u00edva. Po\u0161tuchnutia nie s\u00fa pr\u00edkazy. Umiestnenie ovocia na \u00farove\u0148 o\u010d\u00ed je podnet. Z\u00e1kaz nezdrav\u00fdch potrav\u00edn nie. (Thaler a Sunstein, 2008)
Zdroj: Copyright \u00a9 Institute of Transport Economics, 2022
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\u0160panieli sa \u201eroz\u0161upli\u201c<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Experiment prebiehal 4 \u2013 6 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov v 10 eur\u00f3pskych mest\u00e1ch: \u0160tokholm, Oslo, G\u00f6teborg, Lisabon, Krakov, Madrid, Bordeaux, Brno, Ostrava a Valletta (mest\u00e1 Bordeaux, Brno a Ostrava boli vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 z anal\u00fdz, preto\u017ee po\u010det pozorovan\u00ed nebol dostato\u010dne vysok\u00fd. Spustenie kolobe\u017eiek sa dialo v obdob\u00ed prvej vlny pand\u00e9mie koronav\u00edrusu a Slovensko ako jedin\u00e1 krajina v Eur\u00f3pe zak\u00e1zala taxislu\u017ebu ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu. Okam\u017eit\u00fd dopad teda nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zmera\u0165. Pozn. red.). Vzorka zah\u0155\u0148ala aj kontroln\u00fa skupinu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed nedostali \u017eiadnu v\u00fdzvu na pou\u017e\u00edvanie kolobe\u017eiek prostredn\u00edctvom aplik\u00e1cie. K najv\u00fdraznej\u0161iemu n\u00e1rastu preferencie kolobe\u017eiek v porovnan\u00ed s automobilovou dopravou do\u0161lo v mest\u00e1ch s najhustej\u0161ou sie\u0165ou kolobe\u017eiek, v Lisabone napr\u00edklad a\u017e o 210 %. Vysok\u00e9 hodnoty boli nameran\u00e9 aj v seversk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 v G\u00f6teborgu (54 %), a tie\u017e v Krakove (68 %). V Osle sa napr\u00edklad po\u010det j\u00e1zd na kolobe\u017eke v porovnan\u00ed s priemernou hodnotou zv\u00fd\u0161il o 3 800 dodato\u010dn\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00fdm bola kolobe\u017eka pon\u00faknut\u00e1 aspo\u0148 raz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Zdroj: Copyright \u00a9 Institute of Transport Economics, 2022\u00a0
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Mo\u017enosti vo\u013eby v aplik\u00e1cii zmenili cestovn\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky<\/strong><\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Experimentom sme zistili, \u017ee po\u0161tuchnutie v aplik\u00e1cii v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161ilo po\u010det ciest uroben\u00fdch na e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch a zn\u00ed\u017eilo po\u010det j\u00e1zd v tax\u00edkoch. V Osle, kde s\u00fa v\u00fdsledky najsilnej\u0161ie, tak jazda na e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch nahradila a\u017e 55 % j\u00e1zd tax\u00edkom na zavolanie. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 45 % vykonali pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ktor\u00ed by inak aplik\u00e1ciu zatvorili. To ilustruje, ako inform\u00e1cie v aplik\u00e1cii m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 prepravn\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje po\u010det j\u00e1zd autom, a to vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere, ne\u017e ak\u00e1 bola doteraz zdokumentovan\u00e1. Preto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 po\u0161tuchnutie efekt\u00edvnym n\u00e1strojom na ovplyvnenie cestovn\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov bez toho, aby sa siahlo po tradi\u010dn\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00fdch opatreniach, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa napr\u00edklad dane alebo re\u0161trikcie. Zatia\u013e \u010do zmenu spr\u00e1vania iniciovalo experiment\u00e1lne po\u0161tuchnutie, v\u00fdsledok u\u013eah\u010dila skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee aplik\u00e1cia rozhrania je multimod\u00e1lna, s nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi druhmi dopravy na v\u00fdber m\u00f4\u017ee zohr\u00e1va\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri zmene re\u017eimu. 
Zdroj: Copyright \u00a9 Institute of Transport Economics, 2022<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Bud\u00fa mest\u00e1 bez \u00e1ut?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
D\u00f4sledky t\u00fdchto zisten\u00ed s\u00fa obrovsk\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ciest autom v Eur\u00f3pe nie je dlh\u0161ia ako 5 kilometrov a aj pribli\u017ene \u0161tvrtina v\u0161etk\u00fdch ciest autom prostredn\u00edctvom platformy Bolt je krat\u0161ia ako 3 kilometre. \u0160t\u00fadia tak nepriamo pouk\u00e1zala na v\u00fdznamn\u00fd priestor pre obmedzenie automobilovej prepravy. A\u017e 95 % \u010dasu stoja na\u0161e aut\u00e1 zaparkovan\u00e9 \u2013 pred domom alebo pred zamestnan\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Motiv\u00e1cia \u013eud\u00ed na udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob dopravy je v\u0161ak iba jednou stranou mince. To, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvatelia aplik\u00e1cie Bolt uprednostnia mikromobilitu pred autom, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pozit\u00edvny vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Emisie CO2<\/sub>, ktor\u00e9 tieto kolobe\u017eky vyprodukuj\u00fa, s\u00fa oproti aut\u00e1m o dve tretiny ni\u017e\u0161ie. T\u00fdmto podporujeme prechod eur\u00f3pskych miest na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu do roku 2030. S mestami \u00fazko spolupracujeme na tom, aby na\u0161e kolobe\u017eky a bicykle dobre zapadli do ekosyst\u00e9mu mestskej dopravy. Nielen pred spusten\u00edm, ale aj po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky sme v intenz\u00edvnej komunik\u00e1cii s mestom a jeho org\u00e1nmi. Db\u00e1me na to, aby do prev\u00e1dzky boli implementovan\u00e9 lok\u00e1lne podnety, v ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu expert\u00edzu pr\u00e1ve predstavitelia mesta. Konkr\u00e9tne m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 prvky ako je obmedzovanie r\u00fdchlosti alebo z\u00e1kaz vjazdu \u010di parkovania v rizikov\u00fdch oblastiach (\u0161k\u00f4lky, domovy d\u00f4chodcov, pamiatkov\u00e9 rezerv\u00e1cie). Mest\u00e1m sa sna\u017e\u00edme pom\u00f4c\u0165 zdie\u013ean\u00edm u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00e1t a sumariz\u00e1ci\u00ed prev\u00e1dzky, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch vedia lep\u0161ie dizajnova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V r\u00e1mci pl\u00e1nov udr\u017eate\u013enej mobility hraj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pr\u00e1ve mest\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 tieto pl\u00e1ny zostavuj\u00fa (napr. Tren\u010d\u00edn). Bolt poskytuje rozmanit\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu prostriedkov, ktor\u00e9 sa v r\u00e1mci udr\u017eate\u013enej mobility vedia do pl\u00e1nu zakomponova\u0165. Mikromobilita pre jazdy od 0 do 5 km, digit\u00e1lne taxi pre jazdy nad 5 km a v poslednom obdob\u00ed aj car-sharing pre dlh\u00e9 cesty a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 dlh\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u017ei\u010dky vozidiel, ktor\u00fd ale e\u0161te na Slovensku nie je dostupn\u00fd. Na\u0161ou \u00falohou je pon\u00faknu\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom dobr\u00fa alternat\u00edvu zaka\u017ed\u00fdm, ke\u010f by chceli pou\u017ei\u0165 s\u00fakromn\u00e9 auto. \u010ci\u017ee na krat\u0161ie cesty kolobe\u017eku, na tie dlh\u0161ie tax\u00edk a na najdlh\u0161ie car-sharing. Sme si vedom\u00ed, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00fdm motiv\u00e1torom je okrem \u201ezelen\u00e9ho nastavenia mysle\u201c aj dostupn\u00e1 cena a tie\u017e pohodlnos\u0165 dan\u00fdch alternat\u00edv. Ver\u00edme, \u017ee v\u010faka spolupr\u00e1ci s mestami bud\u00fa o 5 \u2013 10 rokov v\u0161etky druhy mestskej dopravy \u2013 verejn\u00e1 doprava, taxislu\u017eby, slu\u017eby prepravy a mikromobilita \u2013 tak dobre integrovan\u00e9, \u017ee potreba vlastni\u0165 s\u00fakromn\u00e9 auto sa v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei. Mest\u00e1 sa oslobodia od dopravn\u00fdch z\u00e1pch a bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 viac \u013eu\u010fom ako aut\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Ako mikromobilita m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vlastn\u00edctvo \u00e1ut?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Koncept \u201emikromobility\u201c bol navrhnut\u00fd ako cesta k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu automobilovej dopravy a dosiahnutiu udr\u017eate\u013enej\u0161\u00edch dopravn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov v mestsk\u00fdch oblastiach. Mikromobilita je be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd, ale nie v\u0161eobecne definovan\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fd sa vz\u0165ahuje na zdie\u013ean\u00e9, alebo osobn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 a \u013eahk\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, zvy\u010dajne elektrick\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na kr\u00e1tke vzdialenosti cesty, ako s\u00fa e-bicykle a e-kolobe\u017eky. Pod\u013ea Yanocha a Allana (2019) slu\u017eby mikromobility v kombin\u00e1cii s ch\u00f4dzou, bicyklom a verejnou dopravou m\u00f4\u017eu od\u013eah\u010di\u0165 potrebu vlastn\u00edctva s\u00fakromn\u00fdch automobilov v mest\u00e1ch, a t\u00fdm v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 po\u010det s\u00fakromn\u00fdch j\u00e1zd.
Zdroj: Copyright \u00a9 Institute of Transport Economics, 2022<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Vlastni\u0165 auto sa naozaj neoplat\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Toto odv\u00e1\u017ene tvrdenie m\u00e1me podlo\u017een\u00e9 aj najnov\u0161ou \u0161t\u00fadiou Glob\u00e1lny vplyv zdie\u013eanej mobility<\/a>. Vyplynulo z nej, \u017ee zdie\u013ean\u00e1 mobilita zohr\u00e1va v mestsk\u00fdch dopravn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu a predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee do roku 2030 bude tvori\u0165 7 % j\u00e1zd v mest\u00e1ch oproti dne\u0161n\u00fdm 3 %. Posledn\u00fdch sto rokov v mest\u00e1ch s\u00edce dominovali aut\u00e1, ale postupne vstupujeme do novej \u00e9ry, v ktorej \u013eudia svoje s\u00fakromn\u00e9 aut\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u010doraz menej. \u0160t\u00fadia uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee za posledn\u00fa dek\u00e1du sa vzdialenos\u0165 najazden\u00e1 osobn\u00fdmi autami zn\u00ed\u017eila o 1 700 km ro\u010dne, no po\u010det vozidiel registrovan\u00fdch na dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 zostal rovnak\u00fd. Odborn\u00edci vypo\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee pre t\u00fdch majite\u013eov \u00e1ut, ktor\u00ed ro\u010dne najazdia menej ako 15 000 km, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 in\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby dopravy, ako napr\u00edklad digit\u00e1lna taxislu\u017eba, zdie\u013eanie kolobe\u017eiek a e-bicyklov \u010di car-sharing, cenovo dostupnej\u0161ie ako vlastnenie auta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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20. FEBRU\u00c1R 2024<\/p>\n
Text: Peter Mesar\u010d <\/strong>
\nFotografie: Bolt<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tento text vznikol pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd projekt CycleUp! a je spolufinancovan\u00fd Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Partneri<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Experimentom sme zistili, \u017ee mo\u017enos\u0165 vo\u013eby v aplik\u00e1cii v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161ilo po\u010det ciest uroben\u00fdch na e-kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ch a zn\u00ed\u017eilo po\u010det j\u00e1zd v tax\u00edkoch. 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