{"id":21792,"date":"2024-04-05T13:09:54","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T11:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=21792"},"modified":"2026-05-21T18:08:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T16:08:59","slug":"kedy-sa-chodci-a-cyklisti-prestanu-bat-o-zivot-rozdavat-reflexne-pasky-nepomoze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/kedy-sa-chodci-a-cyklisti-prestanu-bat-o-zivot-rozdavat-reflexne-pasky-nepomoze\/","title":{"rendered":"Kedy sa chodci a cyklisti prestan\u00fa b\u00e1\u0165 o \u017eivot? Rozd\u00e1va\u0165 reflexn\u00e9 p\u00e1sky nepom\u00f4\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Foto: Richard Lutzbauer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\u010co si t\u00ed \u013eudia myslia, \u017ee s\u00fa nesmrte\u013en\u00ed? Ako ich m\u00e1 vodi\u010d vidie\u0165? Ak tak\u00e9to \u00favahy vyslov\u00ed \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd nie je odborn\u00edk, je to pochopite\u013en\u00e9, no ak sa takto vyjadruj\u00fa aj \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 vo svojich kompetenci\u00e1ch, je to alarmuj\u00face. Nar\u00e1\u017eame na zastaran\u00e9 ment\u00e1lne nastavenie a jednu z hlavn\u00fdch bari\u00e9r, pre\u010do nekles\u00e1 po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed a zranen\u00ed chodcov a cyklistov.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Ivana Nemethov\u00e1 <\/strong>

<\/strong>Autorka je architektka a \u010dlenka OZ Znepokojen\u00e9 matky
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Ako sa \u0161of\u00e9ruje po Bratislave? <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Vysk\u00fa\u0161ajme to spolu. Vodi\u010d v aute dostane zelen\u00fa na N\u00e1mest\u00ed slobody. Rozjazd. Prid\u00e1va. Cez N\u00e1mestie 1. m\u00e1ja, podjazd na Hod\u017eovom n\u00e1mest\u00ed, za podjazdom plynul\u00e1 z\u00e1kruta a nepreru\u0161en\u00e1 trasa a\u017e do Petr\u017ealky. Pohodln\u00e9 dva pruhy v ka\u017edom smere, nazna\u010duj\u00face mo\u017enos\u0165 predbiehania, prera\u010fovania, klasick\u00e9 triedenie kto ide r\u00fdchlo a kto pomal\u0161ie, hlavne nech vodi\u010dov ni\u010d nebrzd\u00ed. A nie, nebrzd\u00ed ich ni\u010d. Ani to, \u017ee je tam najvy\u0161\u0161ia povolen\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 50, tak ako na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine mestsk\u00fdch komunik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Ke\u010f sa tu niekto sna\u017e\u00ed tento limit dodr\u017eiava\u0165, je za toho \u010dudn\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd asi nie je odtia\u013eto, alebo zabl\u00fadil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A zrazu m\u00e1 na tachometri 120 km\/h. Nedajbo\u017ee je e\u0161te aj pod vplyvom alkoholu, nezvl\u00e1dne riadenie a vylet\u00ed na zast\u00e1vku pln\u00fa \u013eud\u00ed. A\u017e po tragickej autonehode na Staromestskej ulici, ktorej obe\u0165ami bolo 5 mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, sa za\u010dala diskusia \u010do vlastne spravi\u0165, aby sa predi\u0161lo takejto no\u010dnej more do bud\u00facna. \u201eZ\u00e1kaz alkoholu! Stacion\u00e1rne radary! Pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie tresty!\u201c M\u00e1lokto si v\u0161ak uvedom\u00ed, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 nie\u010do spravi\u0165 aj s tou \u201eulicou\u201c. \u00c1no, je to v \u00favodzovk\u00e1ch, preto\u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti to nie je ulica, ale sk\u00f4r r\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 cesta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Spomienkov\u00fd pochod za obete tragickej udalosti na Zochovej 4. okt\u00f3bra 2022, ktor\u00fd organizovali Znepokojen\u00e9 matky a Cyklokoal\u00edcia. Foto: Bra\u0148o Bibel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy po\u010du\u0165 aj pri r\u00f4znych in\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch. Zrazen\u00fd chodec? \u201eM\u00e1 si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor! Pre\u010do sa na priechodoch h\u00e1d\u017eu pod aut\u00e1? A kde maj\u00fa reflexn\u00e9 prvky?\u201c Alebo klasika: \u201eCyklisti s\u00fa samovrahovia!\u201c Podobn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky s\u00fa adresovan\u00e9 aj t\u00fdm najzranite\u013enej\u0161\u00edm, de\u0165om, star\u0161\u00edm \u013eu\u010fom, \u017een\u00e1m. \u201ePre\u010do v\u00f4bec to die\u0165a i\u0161lo samo cez priechod? \u010co si t\u00ed \u013eudia myslia, \u017ee s\u00fa nesmrte\u013en\u00ed? Ako ich mal vodi\u010d vidie\u0165? Predsa maj\u00fa vedie\u0165, \u017ee nem\u00e1 \u0161ancu zabrzdi\u0165.\u201c V na\u0161ich mysliach nie je ni\u010d zvl\u00e1\u0161tne na tom, vodi\u010di id\u00fa r\u00fdchlo, maj\u00fa na to pr\u00e1vo, s\u00fa p\u00e1nmi na\u0161ich ul\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je celkom pochopite\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee tak\u00e9to \u00favahy vyslov\u00ed \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd nie je odborn\u00edk, ale ke\u010f sa takto vyjadruj\u00fa aj \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 vo svojich kompetenci\u00e1ch, je to alarmuj\u00face. Obvi\u0148ova\u0165 obete dopravn\u00e9ho n\u00e1silia je nepr\u00edpustn\u00e9, rovnako, ako pri in\u00fdch druhoch n\u00e1silia. V na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti nar\u00e1\u017eame na zastaran\u00e9 ment\u00e1lne nastavenie a je to jednou z hlavn\u00fdch bari\u00e9r, pre\u010do sa n\u00e1m nedar\u00ed zni\u017eova\u0165 po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed a zranen\u00ed chodcov a cyklistov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia sa v uliciach nec\u00edtia bezpe\u010dne. Potvrdzuj\u00fa to aj smutn\u00e9 \u0161tatistiky \u2013 len za rok 2022 zomrelo v Bratislave 14 chodcov a cyklistov. Tento strach odr\u00e1dza \u013eud\u00ed od ch\u00f4dze a bicyklovania, a c\u00edtime neust\u00e1ly n\u00e1rast intenzity automobilovej dopravy \u2013 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 mesto viac ako 700 \u00e1ut na 1000 obyvate\u013eov, Viede\u0148 m\u00e1 polovicu z toho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nehody nie s\u00fa n\u00e1hody, ale d\u00f4sledky dizajnovania <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie tejto problematiky n\u00e1s brzd\u00ed v prij\u00edman\u00ed efekt\u00edvnych opatren\u00ed na z\u00e1klade najnov\u0161\u00edch odborn\u00fdch poznatkov. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobnej\u0161ie presk\u00famame, ako \u013eudia (hlavne \u013eudia s kompetenciou rozhodova\u0165) ch\u00e1pu tieto s\u00favislosti, a kam by sme sa mali my\u0161lienkovo posun\u00fa\u0165, aby sme zmenili pr\u00edstup a dosiahli skuto\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, ako napr\u00edklad dosiahli v Osle alebo v Helsink\u00e1ch, kde u\u017e v roku 2019 nezaznamenali ani jednu smrte\u013en\u00fa nehodu chodca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prvou domnienkou je, \u017ee nejak\u00fd podiel \u00famrt\u00ed a zranen\u00ed je prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dopravy. \u201eJednoducho sa s t\u00fdm treba zmieri\u0165.\u201c Toto tvrdenie je mimoriadne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee n\u00e1s zbavuje urgencie tento v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m rie\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A aby bolo jasnej\u0161ie, \u017ee toto nie je len nejak\u00e9 na\u0161e prianie, dosiahnutie v\u00edzie 0 \u00famrt\u00ed na cest\u00e1ch je jedn\u00fdm zo strategick\u00fdch cie\u013eov Slovenskej republiky, ktor\u00fd schv\u00e1lila vl\u00e1da SR (uznesen\u00edm \u010d. 700\/2021 z 1. decembra 2021). A nie sme jedin\u00ed. Koncepcia Vision Zero <\/a>vznikla vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku e\u0161te v roku 1997, ke\u010f ju \u0161v\u00e9dsky parlament prijal ako ofici\u00e1lnu cestn\u00fa politiku. Osved\u010dila sa v celej Eur\u00f3pe a teraz sa ju sna\u017eia zavies\u0165 do praxe aj v niektor\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fdch americk\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na Slovensku existuje tzv. BECEP<\/a> \u2013 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 cestnej prem\u00e1vky. Je to samostatn\u00e9 oddelenie, ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed pod Ministerstvo dopravy SR a pln\u00ed \u00falohu n\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho koordin\u00e1tora pre zvy\u0161ovanie bezpe\u010dnosti cestnej prem\u00e1vky v SR. Na str\u00e1nke sa uv\u00e1dza: \u201eHlavn\u00fdmi \u00falohami BECEP-u s\u00fa: Prevent\u00edvne p\u00f4sobenie na zni\u017eovanie po\u010dtu usmrten\u00fdch a \u0165a\u017eko zranen\u00fdch os\u00f4b pri dopravn\u00fdch nehod\u00e1ch do roku 2030 o 50 % ich po\u010dtu z roku 2020; … a na nulov\u00fd po\u010det do roku 2050 (V\u00edzia nula).\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00edzia nula n\u00e1m teda jasne hovor\u00ed, \u017ee smr\u0165 a v\u00e1\u017ene zranenia s\u00fa nepr\u00edpustn\u00e9 a d\u00e1 sa im predch\u00e1dza\u0165. Ale ako? Kto je za to zodpovedn\u00fd? Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie \u013eu\u010fom na\u0161epk\u00e1va odpove\u010f: Za kol\u00edzie s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvatelia. Vodi\u010di, cyklisti, chodci, kolobe\u017ek\u00e1ri. Keby sa spr\u00e1vali pod\u013ea pravidiel, keby boli disciplinovan\u00ed, stopercentne obozretn\u00ed, tak by sa nikdy \u017eiadna trag\u00e9dia nestala (mo\u017eno iba s v\u00fdnimkou, ke\u010f sa stane nejak\u00e1 \u010dlovekom nezapr\u00ed\u010dinen\u00e1 technick\u00e1 porucha). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale dok\u00e1\u017eu \u013eudia tak\u00ed by\u0165? Je od n\u00e1s v\u00f4bec realistick\u00e9 nie\u010do tak\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165? \u013dudia s\u00fa predsa len \u013eudia, v\u0161etci rob\u00edme chyby, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svoje muchy, svoje telesn\u00e9, du\u0161evn\u00e9 alebo povahov\u00e9 \u0161pecifik\u00e1. Nie sme roboti a je prirodzen\u00e9, \u017ee sme niekedy zamyslen\u00ed, \u017ee b\u00fdvame unaven\u00ed, chor\u00ed, na\u0161tvan\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Realita je v\u0161ak tak\u00e1, \u017ee dizajn\u00e9ri a pl\u00e1nova\u010di, ktor\u00ed pred desiatkami rokov za\u010dali navrhova\u0165 na\u0161u infra\u0161trukt\u00faru a dopravn\u00e9 prostriedky, na\u0161e ulice, \u0161irok\u00e9 cesty, r\u00fdchle aut\u00e1 a motorky, s t\u00fdm nepo\u010d\u00edtali. Doteraz s t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina nepo\u010d\u00edta. Dizajn ul\u00edc vy\u017eaduje, aby sa u\u017e\u00edvatelia spr\u00e1vali dokonale, pod\u013ea pravidiel (ktor\u00fdch dodr\u017eiavanie sa vym\u00e1ha len slabo). Aj jazyk, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvame, podporuje t\u00fato domnienku. Slovo \u201enehoda\u201c indikuje nie\u010do n\u00e1hodn\u00e9, nepredv\u00eddan\u00e9, av\u0161ak nie je to tak. Jazd\u00edme na r\u00fdchlych strojoch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v ruk\u00e1ch nedokonal\u00e9ho vodi\u010da smrte\u013ene nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Sta\u010d\u00ed jedno zav\u00e1hanie, zl\u00fd odhad a m\u00e1 to fat\u00e1lny n\u00e1sledok. Nie s\u00fa to \u201enehody\u201c, takto to je nadizajnovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z ponuky rie\u0161en\u00ed tie najnevhodnej\u0161ie pon\u00fakaj\u00fa automobilky: \u201eK\u00fapte si ve\u013ek\u00e9 SUV, budete v bezpe\u010d\u00ed.\u201c Toto je re\u00e1lna marketingov\u00e1 taktika. V\u00fdrobcovia \u201e\u0161portovo-\u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch\u201c automobilov sa neorientuj\u00fa na \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed re\u00e1lne potrebuj\u00fa jazdi\u0165 v ter\u00e9ne, ale na tak\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed si uvedomuj\u00fa svoje nedostatky v \u0161of\u00e9rovan\u00ed alebo rizik\u00e1 naokolo a maj\u00fa potrebu chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa. H\u00e1\u010dik je v\u0161ak v tom, \u017ee viac ohrozuj\u00fa svoje okolie. Z dopravn\u00fdch \u0161tatist\u00edk vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee vodi\u010di na vozidl\u00e1ch SUV pri zr\u00e1\u017eke s chodcami a cyklistami zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161ie zranenia a viac \u00famrt\u00ed, preto\u017ee ich aut\u00e1 maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hmotnos\u0165 a vy\u0161\u0161iu predn\u00fa \u010das\u0165. Pre automobilky je falo\u0161n\u00fd pocit bezpe\u010dia v\u00fdnosn\u00fd biznis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ako upokoji\u0165 mesto<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ako je teda mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v seversk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch sa naozaj podarilo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed na 0? \u201eNa\u0161\u00edm hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom je vr\u00e1ti\u0165 ulice \u013eu\u010fom,\u201c povedala Hanna Marcussenov\u00e1, viceprim\u00e1torka Osla pre mestsk\u00fd rozvoj. Bolo to v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako len z\u00e1chrana \u017eivotov \u2013 vybudovali \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9, zdrav\u00e9 a atrakt\u00edvne mesto, ktor\u00e9 funguje lep\u0161ie pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch. V\u00edzia nula bola prienikom zni\u017eovania uhl\u00edkovej stopy Osla a zlep\u0161ovania \u017eivota v meste. Ako konkr\u00e9tne k tomu pristupuj\u00fa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Verejn\u00e9 priestory s\u00fa dizajnovan\u00e9 s oh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee \u013eudia s\u00fa \u013eudia a robia chyby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed navrhuj\u00fa a spravuj\u00fa ulice, taktie\u017e nes\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165 za ich bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, nielen u\u017e\u00edvatelia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. A samozrejme, dosiahli to systematick\u00fdm a proakt\u00edvnym pr\u00edstupom zalo\u017een\u00fdm na d\u00e1tach. Napr\u00edklad podrobnou anal\u00fdzou nehodovosti, identifikovan\u00edm najrizikovej\u0161\u00edch lokal\u00edt a nedostatkov vo verejnom priestore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Existuje hierarchia rie\u0161en\u00ed, po\u010fme sa na \u0148u pozrie\u0165:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Marco te Br\u00f6mmelstroet, Urban Cycling Institute: Hierarchia kontroly aplikovan\u00e1 na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 ul\u00edc m\u00e1 5 prvkov, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa posudzova\u0165 postupne, po\u010dn\u00fac naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edm.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Prv\u00e9, najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie opatrenie je \u00faplne logicky odstr\u00e1nenie rizika, ktor\u00fdm s\u00fa v tomto pr\u00edpade r\u00fdchle aut\u00e1 v mest\u00e1ch, \u010di\u017ee upokojovanie dopravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oslo si v roku 2015 stanovilo cie\u013e zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 do roku 2030 automobilov\u00fa dopravu o jednu tretinu. Na dosiahnutie tohto cie\u013ea mesto zaviedlo poplatok za pre\u0165a\u017eenie ciest, nain\u0161talovalo 52 nov\u00fdch m\u00fdtnych br\u00e1n a zv\u00fd\u0161ilo m\u00fdto, z ktor\u00e9ho sa financuje ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 invest\u00edci\u00ed a \u010dinnost\u00ed mesta v oblasti pe\u0161ej a cyklistickej dopravy, verejnej dopravy a bezpe\u010dnosti na cest\u00e1ch. Odstr\u00e1nilo z ul\u00edc vy\u0161e 4000 parkovac\u00edch miest, hlavne v centre, zv\u00fd\u0161ili sa aj poplatky za parkovanie \u00e1ut \u2013 o 50 % v centre Osla a o 20 % v in\u00fdch \u010dastiach. Aktu\u00e1lne \u00fadaje ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee intenzita dopravy klesla, \u010do umo\u017enilo in\u0161talova\u0165 viac pruhov pre autobusy, cyklistick\u00e9 pruhy a spoma\u013eova\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmen\u00e1ch mesto uprednostnilo bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov cestnej prem\u00e1vky, najm\u00e4 chodcov. Ke\u010f za\u010dali uzatv\u00e1ra\u0165 ulice pre aut\u00e1, niektor\u00e9 v \u010dase najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho po\u010dtu chodcov a cyklistov a niektor\u00e9 natrvalo, zamerali sa na rizikov\u00e9 oblasti s vysokou nehodovos\u0165ou chodcov a cyklistov. V \u010dastiach mesta, kde uzavretie ul\u00edc pre aut\u00e1 neprich\u00e1dzalo do \u00favahy, mesto zaviedlo jednosmern\u00e9 ulice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pri upokojovan\u00ed dopravy je podstatn\u00e9 zni\u017eovanie r\u00fdchlosti na 30 km\/h alebo menej. Pri r\u00fdchlosti 30 km\/h je toti\u017e riziko \u00famrtia chodca pri zr\u00e1\u017eke s autom iba 10 %, pri\u010dom pri r\u00fdchlosti 50 km\/h je to a\u017e 90 %. Od roku 2015 do 2019 Oslo zn\u00ed\u017eilo r\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 limity tak, \u017ee takmer dve tretiny cestnej siete maj\u00fa teraz obmedzen\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 na 30 km\/h. Vedenie mesta pris\u013e\u00fabilo, \u017ee v bud\u00facnosti bude 30 km\/h \u0161tandardn\u00fdm r\u00fdchlostn\u00fdm limitom v celom meste. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale pozor, na zn\u00ed\u017eenie r\u00fdchlosti nesta\u010d\u00ed osadi\u0165 nov\u00e9 zna\u010dky, je potrebn\u00e9 fyzicky prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ulice. \u0160of\u00e9rovanie je toti\u017e na 80 % podvedom\u00e1 automatick\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, vodi\u010d prisp\u00f4sobuje jazdu svojmu okoliu. Ke\u010f jazd\u00ed po \u0161irokej rovnej ulici, podvedome prid\u00e1va, ke\u010f zbad\u00e1 prek\u00e1\u017eku, spoma\u013euje. Nie je \u017eiadna zna\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 by dok\u00e1zala zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby vodi\u010di dodr\u017eiavali r\u00fdchlos\u0165, ani radary a pokuty. A motiv\u00e1cia jazdi\u0165 bezpe\u010dne je o to ni\u017e\u0161ia, \u017ee nebezpe\u010denstvo nehroz\u00ed priamo vodi\u010dovi, ale najviac to ohrozuje chodcov, cyklistov, ktor\u00ed nesedia v obrovskej plechovej krabici s airbagmi, ale maj\u00fa len svoje krehk\u00e9, m\u00e4kk\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 tel\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aby zabezpe\u010dili, \u017ee vodi\u010di bud\u00fa dodr\u017eiava\u0165 predpisy, ulice navrhli tak, aby na nich nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 prekra\u010dova\u0165 povolen\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165. To sa d\u00e1 dosiahnu\u0165 fyzick\u00fdmi zmenami, ako je zu\u017eovanie pruhov pre aut\u00e1, vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 priechody pre chodcov, u\u017e\u0161ie polomery odbo\u010denia, zakrivenie ciest \u0161ikanami, zmenou povrchov, spoma\u013eova\u010dmi a r\u00f4znymi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi stavebn\u00fdmi \u00fapravami. V t\u00fdchto zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch uliciach zmeny v dizajne n\u00fatia vodi\u010dov d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor, jazdi\u0165 pomal\u0161ie a by\u0165 opatrn\u00ed vo\u010di chodcom a cyklistom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00fdm sa zd\u00e1 tento krok pr\u00edli\u0161 radik\u00e1lny, mo\u017eno pom\u00f4\u017ee mal\u00e9 pripomenutie, ako sa tu tie r\u00fdchle aut\u00e1 vlastne ocitli? Po tis\u00edce rokov mest\u00e1 vznikali organicky, ulice plnili potreby \u013eud\u00ed \u017ei\u0165, stret\u00e1va\u0165 sa, obchodova\u0165, stara\u0165 sa, hra\u0165 sa. V 20. storo\u010d\u00ed sa do popredia dostalo modernistick\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie a navrhovanie miest dali do r\u00fak urbanistom, architektom. Vzniklo povolanie dopravn\u00fd in\u017einier. Za\u010dali odde\u013eova\u0165 funkcie v meste, budova\u0165 s\u00eddlisk\u00e1, b\u00fara\u0165 star\u0161ie budovy, lebo \u017eiaduce bolo uvo\u013eni\u0165 priestor pre dopravu. Preto\u017ee automobilov\u00e1 doprava ho potrebuje naozaj VE\u013dA. Prednos\u0165 v uliciach dostalo to, \u010do pova\u017eovali za \u201eekonomicky pr\u00ednosn\u00e9\u201c, \u010di\u017ee r\u00fdchle aut\u00e1. V\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9 i\u0161lo z cesty, aby ich nezdr\u017eiavalo. A tak sa mest\u00e1 rozrastali aj do \u0161\u00edrky a pe\u0161ia dostupnos\u0165 sa zhor\u0161ovala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Teraz sa trend oto\u010dil, mest\u00e1 kone\u010dne za\u010dali napr\u00e1va\u0165 chyby 20. storo\u010dia a vracaj\u00fa verejn\u00e9 priestory \u013eu\u010fom, buduj\u00fa \u0161tvrte na princ\u00edpe 15-min\u00fatov\u00e9ho mesta, s d\u00f4razom na kvalitu \u017eivota. A nejde len o jednostrann\u00e9 obmedzovanie t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed jazdia autom. Je to sk\u00f4r snaha o spravodliv\u00e9 rozdelenie verejn\u00e9ho priestoru pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4znym sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Christoffer Solstad Steen z n\u00f3rskej organiz\u00e1cie pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 cestnej prem\u00e1vky Trygg Trafikk zmeny v Osle popisuje takto: \u201ePolitici v Osle sa rozhodli, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie auta bude \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie \u2013 cesta z jednej \u010dasti mesta do druhej teraz trv\u00e1 dlh\u0161ie a za pou\u017e\u00edvanie ciest mus\u00edte plati\u0165 ove\u013ea viac pe\u0148az\u00ed ako predt\u00fdm.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ruka v ruke s obmedzovan\u00edm automobilovej dopravy sa zlep\u0161uj\u00fa podmienky pre ch\u00f4dzu, bicyklovanie a verejn\u00fa dopravu. A to u\u017e sme vlastne pri druhom bode v na\u0161ej hierarchii. D\u00e1va\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom kvalitnej\u0161ie mo\u017enosti, ako sa pres\u00fava\u0165 bez pou\u017eitia auta, je sp\u00f4sob, ako zvy\u0161ova\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010deli\u0165 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej v\u00fdzve \u013eudstva v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti \u2013 klimatickej kr\u00edze. Sn\u00e1\u010f netreba vysvet\u013eova\u0165, ak\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9, soci\u00e1lne, environment\u00e1lne a ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody prin\u00e1\u0161a dopravn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd podporuje udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 formy dopravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oslo zriadilo vyhraden\u00e9 pruhy pre autobusy a s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 podiel cyklistickej dopravy na 25 % do roku 2025 zv\u00fd\u0161ili tempo realiz\u00e1cie cyklistick\u00fdch pruhov desa\u0165n\u00e1sobne (!), z priemern\u00fdch 1,5 km ro\u010dne na viac ako 15 km v roku 2019. Cyklistick\u00e9 pruhy vybudovali \u010dasto namiesto parkovania na uliciach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pri spravodlivom rozde\u013eovan\u00ed verejn\u00e9ho priestoru pre r\u00f4zne druhy mobility sa dost\u00e1vame k bodu 3. Je naozaj potrebn\u00e9 priestor fyzicky odde\u013eova\u0165? Je potrebn\u00e9, aby boli cyklotrasy v\u0161ade stavebne oddelen\u00e9? V Holandsku, D\u00e1nsku, N\u00f3rsku a in\u00fdch dopravne vyspel\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch je trend odde\u013eova\u0165 ich len vtedy, ke\u010f je to naozaj nutn\u00e9. Na obytnej ulici, kde je 30-tka, je oddelen\u00e1 cyklotrasa zbyto\u010dn\u00e1, dokonca je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 oddeli\u0165 chodn\u00edk, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve\u017ee spolo\u010dn\u00fd nerozdelen\u00fd priestor, v ktorom sa pohybuj\u00fa chodci a cyklisti, n\u00fati aj vodi\u010dov, aby jazdili pomaly a oh\u013eaduplne. Av\u0161ak na hlavn\u00fdch uliciach, kadia\u013e maj\u00fa aut\u00e1 dovolen\u00e9 jazdi\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie (40-50 km\/h), a tam, kde sa vyskytuje autobusov\u00e1 doprava, je vhodn\u00e9 r\u00f4zne m\u00f3dy dopravy odde\u013eova\u0165. Ako bari\u00e9ry m\u00f4\u017eu sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 obrubn\u00edky, bet\u00f3nov\u00e9 z\u00e1brany, z\u00e1bradlia, kvetin\u00e1\u010de, zelen\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, ale napr\u00edklad aj p\u00e1s zaparkovan\u00fdch \u00e1ut vie by\u0165 v\u00fdborn\u00fd na oddelenie cesty a cyklotrasy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A sp\u00e4\u0165 na Slovensko<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Teraz sa dost\u00e1vame k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm met\u00f3dam zvy\u0161ovania bezpe\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa menej efekt\u00edvne, ale o to popul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie u n\u00e1s na Slovensku. Na\u0161a pol\u00edcia a BECEP sa s\u00fastred\u00ed hlavne na rozd\u00e1vanie reflexn\u00fdch prvkov chodcom, hlavne de\u0165om.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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De\u0148 bez \u00e1ut je pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 na zvy\u0161ovanie povedomia o bezpe\u010dnosti, ale pom\u00f4\u017ee, ke\u010f bud\u00fa de\u0165om rozd\u00e1va\u0165 reflexn\u00e9 prvky, p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alky a dokonca \u0161krabky na aut\u00e1? Foto: Ivana Nemethov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Pol\u00edcia sa taktie\u017e sna\u017e\u00ed vychov\u00e1va\u0165 vodi\u010dov, aby nejazdili pod vplyvom alkoholu a dodr\u017eiavali predpisy. Komick\u00e9 je, \u017ee na miesta, kde meraj\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165, s\u00fa vodi\u010di upozor\u0148ovan\u00ed v r\u00e1diu. Viete mi niekto vysvetli\u0165, ak\u00fd to m\u00e1 potom zmysel? \u00daspe\u0161ne sa t\u00fdm zni\u017euje \u00famrtnos\u0165? Nie. Po\u010det obet\u00ed dopravn\u00fdch neh\u00f4d v roku 2023 medziro\u010dne st\u00fapol o 22 na 267. Medzi nimi bolo 134 vodi\u010dov alebo pasa\u017eierov \u00e1ut, 28 motork\u00e1rov, 74 chodcov (z toho 23 na priechodoch) a 15 cyklistov. Nedovolen\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 venovanie sa riadeniu s\u00fa dve naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pr\u00ed\u010diny dopravn\u00fdch \u201eneh\u00f4d\u201c na na\u0161ich cest\u00e1ch. Pribli\u017ene polovica neh\u00f4d vo vy\u0161\u0161ej r\u00fdchlosti sa stane v obci. Ale ak\u00fd v\u00fdsledok sa d\u00e1 \u010daka\u0165, ke\u010f policajti za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa od t\u00fdch najnepodstatnej\u0161\u00edch opatren\u00ed, a t\u00fdm naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edm akt\u00edvne br\u00e1nia? T\u00fdm m\u00e1me na mysli priamo upokojovanie dopravy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Aktivita Znepokojen\u00fdch matiek<\/a>, ktorou upozornili Pol\u00edciu a verejnos\u0165 na to, \u017ee ani oble\u010denie zlo\u017een\u00e9 z mno\u017estva reflexn\u00fdch prvkov, ktor\u00e9 pripom\u00edna viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek, neumo\u017en\u00ed chodcom prejs\u0165 cez priechod bezpe\u010dne. Foto: Znepokojen\u00e9 matky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Vyjadrenia Krajsk\u00fdch dopravn\u00fdch in\u0161pektor\u00e1tov k r\u00f4znym projektom s\u00fa jasn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lom, \u017ee d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 upokojovania dopravy nereflektuj\u00fa, pre nich je prvorad\u00e1 plynulos\u0165 automobilovej prem\u00e1vky. Na\u0161\u0165astie, vedenie mesta uva\u017euje inak a m\u00e1 to zakotven\u00e9 aj v strategick\u00fdch dokumentoch. V Pl\u00e1ne Bratislava 2030 <\/a> sa do\u010d\u00edtate, \u017ee je tu jasn\u00fd cie\u013e: \u201eMesto vytv\u00e1ra podmienky a infra\u0161trukt\u00faru pre bezpe\u010dn\u00fa, komfortn\u00fa a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fa mobilitu, ekologick\u00fd pohyb v meste, zalo\u017een\u00fd na priorite pe\u0161ieho pohybu, cyklomobility a verejnej dopravy.\u201c Ako pr\u00edklad m\u00f4\u017eeme uvies\u0165 projekt Vajansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bre\u017eia. Ide o jeden z najhodnotnej\u0161\u00edch priestorov v meste medzi Slovenskou n\u00e1rodnou gal\u00e9riou a Slovensk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm m\u00fazeom a je to komunik\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 odde\u013euje historick\u00e9 centrum hlavn\u00e9ho mesta a promen\u00e1du pri Dunaji. Vedenie Bratislavy sa v lete 2023 podujalo na odv\u00e1\u017eny krok, \u017ee t\u00fato p\u00f4vodne 4-pr\u00fadovku z\u00fa\u017ei a vybuduje bezpe\u010dn\u00fa cyklotrasu. V m\u00e1ji 2021 Znepokojen\u00e9 matky spolu s Cyklokoal\u00edciou a Greenpeace Slovensko merali na n\u00e1bre\u017e\u00ed r\u00fdchlos\u0165. Maxim\u00e1lna nameran\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 bola 92 km\/h. Za bieleho d\u0148a, tesne pred priechodom pre chodcov. Len 4 % meran\u00fdch kri\u017eovatkov\u00fdch v\u013an vozidiel dodr\u017ealo max. povolen\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165. Napriek tomu, \u017ee zmena priniesla vy\u0161\u0161iu bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pre chodcov aj cyklistov, policajtom projekt cyklopruhov prek\u00e1\u017eal a po p\u00e1r mesiacoch po realiz\u00e1cii navrhli, aby sa ulica vr\u00e1tila do p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho stavu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Organiz\u00e1cie Greenpeace Slovensko, Cyklokoal\u00edcia a Znepokojen\u00e9 matky v m\u00e1ji 2021 merali r\u00fdchlos\u0165 na Vajansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bre\u017e\u00ed a v\u00fdsledky odovzdali magistr\u00e1tu. Foto: Richard Lutzbauer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Vr\u00e1\u0165me sa na Staromestsk\u00fa ulicu. \u010co s \u0148ou bude \u010falej? Bola vybudovan\u00e1 v roku 1972, prioritou boli aut\u00e1 a \u010do najplynulej\u0161\u00ed prejazd mestom na novu\u010di\u010dk\u00fd Most SNP. V\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9 i\u0161lo bokom, zb\u00farali budovy, pre\u0165ali ulice, zni\u010dili cel\u00fa \u0161tvr\u0165. Chodci dostali podchod \u2013 s\u00edce bari\u00e9rov\u00fd, bez rampy, bez v\u00fd\u0165ahov, ale v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee musia chodi\u0165 pod zemou, aut\u00e1 mohli jazdi\u0165 r\u00fdchlo a nezdr\u017eiava\u0165 sa, a to bolo to hlavn\u00e9. A tak\u00fdchto ul\u00edc je v Bratislave nieko\u013eko: \u0160ancov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 pripom\u00edna viac dia\u013enicu ako ulicu, \u0160tef\u00e1nikova, Karad\u017ei\u010dova, Dostojevsk\u00e9ho rad a m\u00f4\u017eeme menova\u0165 \u010falej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ak chceme \u017ei\u0165 v meste s vysokou kvalitou \u017eivota, teraz u\u017e vieme, \u017ee budova\u0165 mesto t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom, bolo chybou a treba ju napravi\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eeme sa pou\u010di\u0165 z miest ako Oslo a sna\u017ei\u0165 sa dosiahnu\u0165 rovnak\u00fd cie\u013e. Odborn\u00edci na dopravu a pl\u00e1novanie mesta by si mali vzia\u0165 tieto poznatky a uplat\u0148ova\u0165 ich na celom svete, aby \u017eiadny chodec, cyklista ani motorista, nemusel riskova\u0165 svoj \u017eivot len preto, aby sa dostal z bodu A do bodu B. Aut\u00e1 p\u00f4jdu pomal\u0161ie, no za cenu toho, \u017ee viac \u013eud\u00ed zostane na\u017eive, to sa oplat\u00ed. Vieme, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165 V\u00edziu nula a Bratislava si v strategick\u00fdch pl\u00e1noch stanovila konkr\u00e9tne ciele a u\u017e ich aj za\u010dala realizova\u0165, napr\u00edklad na spom\u00ednanom Vajansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bre\u017e\u00ed alebo prvkami upokojovania dopravy v okol\u00ed \u0161k\u00f4l, ktor\u00e9 boli s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou projektu Mesto pre deti<\/a>. Chr\u00e1ni\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov cestnej prem\u00e1vky, najm\u00e4 zranite\u013en\u00fdch, je povinnos\u0165 n\u00e1s v\u0161etk\u00fdch. V\u010faka spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu cie\u013eu, politickej priorite a r\u00e1znym krokom m\u00f4\u017eeme zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby chodci a cyklisti u\u017e neboli v na\u0161ich mest\u00e1ch zranite\u013en\u00ed. Bratislava spravila prv\u00e9 kroky spr\u00e1vnym smerom. Pokra\u010dujme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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25. MAREC 2024<\/p>\n
Text: Ivana Nemethov\u00e1 <\/strong>
\nFotografie: Richard Lutzbauer, Bra\u0148o Bibel, Ivana Nemethov\u00e1, Znepokojen\u00e9 matky<\/strong><\/p>\n
This text was created for the international project CycleUp! and is co-financed by the European Union.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Partneri<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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 <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u010co si t\u00ed \u013eudia myslia, \u017ee s\u00fa nesmrte\u013en\u00ed? Ako ich m\u00e1 vodi\u010d vidie\u0165? Ak tak\u00e9to \u00favahy vyslov\u00ed \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd nie je odborn\u00edk, je to pochopite\u013en\u00e9, no ak sa takto vyjadruj\u00fa aj \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 vo svojich kompetenci\u00e1ch, je to alarmuj\u00face. 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