{"id":22036,"date":"2024-06-14T09:38:35","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T07:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=22036"},"modified":"2026-05-21T18:18:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T16:18:26","slug":"menej-fosilneho-plynu-z-ruska-pomozu-aj-supy-z-ovocia-ci-zvysky-z-vecere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/menej-fosilneho-plynu-z-ruska-pomozu-aj-supy-z-ovocia-ci-zvysky-z-vecere\/","title":{"rendered":"Menej fos\u00edlneho plynu z Ruska? Pom\u00f4\u017eu aj \u0161upy z ovocia \u010di zvy\u0161ky z ve\u010dere"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Foto: CreativeNature_nl\/ iStock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Prib\u00fada bioplynov\u00fdch stan\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 chc\u00fa vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 takzvan\u00fd biomet\u00e1n, a to aj z kuchynsk\u00e9ho odpadu z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Ten m\u00f4\u017ee nahradi\u0165 mal\u00fa \u010das\u0165 zemn\u00e9ho plynu.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/strong>\n<\/a><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u2022 V Cirkul\u00e1rnom meste koluj\u00fa zdroje, materi\u00e1ly, v\u00fdrobky aj energia. Brownfieldy sa recykluj\u00fa na nov\u00e9 \u0161tvrte, autobusy jazdia na plyn z bioodpadu, star\u00fd n\u00e1bytok kon\u010d\u00ed v reuse centre. V\u00fdrobky sa udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa \u010do najdlh\u0161ie v obehu, \u0161etria sa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 zdroje, eliminuj\u00fa emisie. V tejto rubrike v spolupr\u00e1ci s In\u0161tit\u00fatom cirkul\u00e1rnej ekonomiky<\/a> sledujeme t\u00e9mu cirkul\u00e1rnych miest a ukazujeme, ak\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zmeny potrebujeme zavies\u0165 na Slovensku.<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fermentory bioplynov\u00fdch stan\u00edc s\u00fa z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti bet\u00f3nov\u00e9 stavby, ale vn\u00fatri s\u00fa pln\u00e9 \u017eivota. V\u00fdroba bioplynu stoj\u00ed toti\u017e na pr\u00e1ci r\u00f4znych bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 bez pr\u00edstupu vzduchu rozkladaj\u00fa biomasu. \u010casto ich \u201ek\u0155mia\u201c sil\u00e1\u017enou kukuricou, ktor\u00e1 bola pestovan\u00e1 len na tento \u00fa\u010del. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea Slovenskej bioplynovej asoci\u00e1cie tvoria energetick\u00e9 plodiny v priemere 60 % vstupn\u00fdch surov\u00edn v bioplynk\u00e1ch<\/a>. Je to jednoliata, technologicky bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e1 surovina, s ktorou sa im dobre pracuje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekologickej\u0161ie je sprac\u00fava\u0165 r\u00f4zne druhy bioodpadov z po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych dru\u017estiev, potravin\u00e1rskeho priemyslu \u010di z re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u0161kolsk\u00fdch jed\u00e1ln\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ale aj kuchynsk\u00fd bioodpad od obyvate\u013eov miest. Je to v\u0161ak r\u00f4znorod\u00fd a na spracovanie, ako aj koordin\u00e1ciu dod\u00e1vok zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l ne\u017e sil\u00e1\u017e. Bioplynky od neho odr\u00e1dza viacero bari\u00e9r. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
V poslednom \u010dase sa ale objavuje nov\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia, pre\u010do sa preorientova\u0165 na odpad, aj ten kuchynsk\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zelen\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada zemn\u00e9ho plynu, na ktorej sa d\u00e1 zarobi\u0165<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva tla\u010d\u00ed na dekarboniz\u00e1ciu v odvetviach, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zemn\u00fd plyn. A preto vznik\u00e1 dopyt po zelen\u0161ej alternat\u00edve. Bioplynov\u00e9 stanice ju vedia pon\u00faknu\u0165, ak zainvestuj\u00fa do technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na do\u010distenie bioplynu. Odstr\u00e1nia sa pritom l\u00e1tky ako oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a zostane biomet\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 kvalitu zemn\u00e9ho plynu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010c\u00edm menej sil\u00e1\u017ee a \u010d\u00edm viac odpadov na jeho v\u00fdrobu pou\u017eij\u00fa, t\u00fdm zelen\u0161\u00ed a hodnotnej\u0161\u00ed certifik\u00e1t dostan\u00fa a lep\u0161ie zarobia. Pod\u013ea eur\u00f3pskej legislat\u00edvy patr\u00ed kuchynsk\u00fd bioodpad popri hnoji \u010di kaloch z \u010distiarn\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d medzi suroviny na v\u00fdrobu pokro\u010dil\u00fdch biopal\u00edv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejde teda len o cenu samotnej komodity, ktor\u00e1 je rovnak\u00e1 ako pri fos\u00edlnom zemnom plyne, ale aj o z\u00e1ruky p\u00f4vodu obnovite\u013en\u00e9ho plynu. Ich ceny sa pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk pohybuj\u00fa medzi 25 a\u017e 100 eurami za megawathodinu. \u201eV hornej polovici intervalu s\u00fa pr\u00e1ve ceny pokro\u010dil\u00fdch biopal\u00edv,\u201c uviedol J\u00falius Roth z SPP-distrib\u00facia. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v roku 2023 spustila register obnovite\u013en\u00fdch plynov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Biomet\u00e1nky m\u00f4\u017eu biomet\u00e1n vtl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 do plyn\u00e1renskej siete, ak je poruke. Alebo ho m\u00f4\u017eu po \u00faprave pred\u00e1va\u0165 ako CNG \u010di LNG. V tej forme ho vyu\u017eij\u00fa napr\u00edklad kami\u00f3ny \u010di autobusy ako palivo. R\u00f4znych bioodpadov v\u0161ak vznik\u00e1 limitovan\u00e9 mno\u017estvo a biomet\u00e1n tak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 len jedn\u00fdm z viacer\u00fdch dekarboniza\u010dn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na Slovensku zatia\u013e funguje len jedna biomet\u00e1nov\u00e1 stanica \u2013 v Jel\u0161ave. Transform\u00e1cia bioplynky na biomet\u00e1nku je n\u00e1kladn\u00e1, stoj\u00ed zhruba 2 mili\u00f3ny eur. V\u010faka Pl\u00e1nu obnovy sa do tejto invest\u00edcie pust\u00ed \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 10 slovensk\u00fdch bioplyniek. Dostali na to dot\u00e1cie vo v\u00fd\u0161ke v rozmedz\u00ed od 1,1 po 1,5 mili\u00f3na eur. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Biomet\u00e1n m\u00f4\u017ee poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 napr\u00edklad mestsk\u00fa hromadn\u00fa dopravu. Foto: Scharfsinn86\/ iStock
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Vyu\u017eitie m\u00e1 aj v dia\u013ekovej n\u00e1kladnej preprave. Foto: steve631\/ iStock
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Pre biomet\u00e1n c\u00favaj\u00fa od sil\u00e1\u017ee<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Pomoc pri\u0161la v \u010dase, ke\u010f je bud\u00facnos\u0165 bioplyniek na Slovensku neist\u00e1. Teraz funguj\u00fa tak, \u017ee z bioplynu vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa elektrinu a teplo. Vznikali s vidinou toho, \u017ee im \u0161t\u00e1t garantuje na 15 rokov zv\u00fdhodnen\u00e9 v\u00fdkupn\u00e9 ceny elektriny, len\u017ee tie sa dlho neindexovali. Navy\u0161e, p\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e1 lehota onedlho uplynie a bud\u00fa odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 na podstatne ni\u017e\u0161ie trhov\u00e9 ceny elektriny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z Pl\u00e1nu obnovy mohli \u010derpa\u0165 na moderniz\u00e1ciu alebo rovno prestavbu na biomet\u00e1nky. Pr\u00e1ve v druhej mo\u017enosti vidia niektor\u00ed cestu, ako pre\u017ei\u0165 na trhu. \u201eBez toho skrachujete, zavriete bufet, to nem\u00e1 ekonomiku,\u201c<\/em> mysl\u00ed si Viktor Heged\u00fc\u0161 z bioplynovej stanice v O\u017e\u010fanoch, jednej z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 dostali podporu na transform\u00e1ciu na biomet\u00e1nku a ktor\u00e9 sme oslovili. Dop\u013a\u0148a, \u017ee z cielene pestovan\u00fdch plod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 dnes tvoria 90 % vstupn\u00fdch surov\u00edn, chc\u00fa prejs\u0165 na ma\u0161ta\u013en\u00fd hnoj, kurac\u00ed trus a mo\u010dovku o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch. Z\u00edskaj\u00fa potom viac na zelen\u00fdch certifik\u00e1toch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viacer\u00e9 z desiatky bioplyniek, ktor\u00e9 dostali z Pl\u00e1nu obnovy podporu na prebudovanie na biomet\u00e1nky n\u00e1m deklarovali, \u017ee pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie sil\u00e1\u017ee a viac sa zamera\u0165 na odpady \u010di hnoj. \u010cas\u0165 z nich u\u017e dnes sil\u00e1\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edva len minim\u00e1lne alebo v\u00f4bec. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Spracovanie kuchynsk\u00e9ho bioodpadu v Hornom Jatove. Tamoj\u0161ia bioplynka sa zmen\u00ed na biomet\u00e1nku v\u010faka Pl\u00e1nu obnovy. Foto: Marek Jan\u010d\u00fach
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Nak\u0155mi biomet\u00e1nky aj odpad z na\u0161ich hned\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edkov?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Zauj\u00edmali sme sa \u0161pecificky o kuchynsk\u00fd a re\u0161taura\u010dn\u00fd biologicky rozlo\u017eite\u013en\u00fd odpad zo samospr\u00e1v. Od roku 2021 sa mus\u00ed povinne zbiera\u0165, ale miestami ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa kapacity na jeho spracovanie. Potreba e\u0161te narastie, ke\u010f sa Slov\u00e1ci v trieden\u00ed \u010dasom zlep\u0161ia. Tento odpad treba rozomlie\u0165 na frakciu 12 milimetrov a zohria\u0165 ho aspo\u0148 na 70 \u00b0C po dobu jednej hodiny, aby sa zni\u010dili patog\u00e9ny. M\u00e1loktor\u00e1 kompost\u00e1re\u0148 \u010di bioplynka m\u00e1 na t\u00fato hygieniz\u00e1ciu technol\u00f3giu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e1ve bud\u00face biomet\u00e1nky by v\u0161ak mohli ma\u0165 o tento typ odpadu z\u00e1ujem, vzh\u013eadom na vysok\u00e9 ceny certifik\u00e1tov biomet\u00e1nu z kuchynsk\u00e9ho bioodpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tri z desiatky podporen\u00fdch stan\u00edc u\u017e teraz sprac\u00favaj\u00fa kuchynsk\u00fd a re\u0161taura\u010dn\u00fd odpad. \u010eal\u0161ie tri sa vyjadrili, \u017ee by to v bud\u00facnosti chceli v nejakej miere robi\u0165 tie\u017e, napr\u00edklad stanica v Borcovej ne\u010faleko Martina. Biomet\u00e1nka v Novej Vsi nad \u017ditavou bude m\u00f4c\u0165 vyu\u017ei\u0165 hygieniza\u010dn\u00fa jednotku susednej bioplynovej stanice, ktor\u00fa obstaraj\u00fa taktie\u017e v\u010faka Pl\u00e1nu obnovy. Dve stanice t\u00fdmto smerom neuva\u017euj\u00fa \u2013 s\u00fa na vidieku, pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010faleko od mestsk\u00fdch zdrojov kuchynsk\u00e9ho bioodpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pre stanicu v Huncovciach by bol tak\u00fdto odpad komplik\u00e1ciou. Digest\u00e1t, teda hnojivo, ktor\u00e9 tam vznik\u00e1, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa toti\u017e v ekologickom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve. Povolenie na to im vyd\u00e1va \u00dastredn\u00fd kontroln\u00fd a sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fd \u00fastav po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky a ten pr\u00edsne kontroluje, z \u010doho sa hnojivo vyrobilo. Nem\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ani hnoj z priemyseln\u00e9ho chovu, nieto e\u0161te odpady. V eur\u00f3pskej legislat\u00edve s\u00edce existuje v\u00fdnimka na odpad z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, ktor\u00fd sa triedil pri zdroji. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee \u013eudia h\u00e1d\u017eu do hned\u00fdch n\u00e1dob v\u0161eli\u010do, aj to, \u010do tam nepatr\u00ed, vysvet\u013euje mana\u017e\u00e9r stanice Michal \u010car\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 biomet\u00e1n chc\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Okrem toho, \u0161t\u00e1tny SPP a rak\u00faska odpadov\u00e1 firma Brantner spolu dokon\u010duj\u00fa projekt v Nov\u00fdch Z\u00e1mkoch, ktor\u00fd bude spo\u010d\u00edva\u0165 okrem in\u00e9ho aj vo v\u00fdrobe biomet\u00e1nu z komun\u00e1lneho bioodpadu. \u010cas\u0165 z\u00e1vodu chc\u00fa spusti\u0165 u\u017e tento rok v j\u00fani, ale bioplynov\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku a\u017e v roku 2027, informuje Martin Ke\u010dk\u00e9\u0161, konate\u013e spolo\u010dnej firmy oboch partnerov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rozbehnut\u00e9 maj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie dva projekty v Martine a Poprade. Proti prev\u00e1dzke pod Tatrami vznikla pet\u00edcia. Uva\u017euj\u00fa aj o \u010fal\u0161om projekte na Gemeri. Pod\u013ea medializovan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a> s\u00fa v hre lokality v Lu\u010denci, \u010do u\u017e je mimo Gemera, aj Hn\u00fa\u0161ti. V druhom z miest u\u017e \u013eudia sp\u00edsali pet\u00edciu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jergu\u0161 Vop\u00e1lensk\u00fd z SPP-distrib\u00facia hovoril vo febru\u00e1ri tohto roka v podcaste Otvorene o plyne o tom, \u017ee vznikaj\u00fa aj \u010disto komer\u010dn\u00e9 projekty zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch investorov. \u201eM\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee z \u010ceska sk\u00fapili v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 po\u010dty b\u00fdval\u00fdch bioplynov\u00fdch stan\u00edc a vo ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase ich pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa konvertova\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu biomet\u00e1nu,\u201c <\/em>zmienil sa v podcaste. Ke\u010f sme sa p\u00fdtali na detaily, SPP-distrib\u00facia sa k rokovaniam s potenci\u00e1lnymi prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013emi nechcela vyjadrova\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moment\u00e1lne maj\u00fa uzavret\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch p\u00e4\u0165 zml\u00fav o pripojen\u00ed okrem u\u017e zmie\u0148ovanej stanice v Jel\u0161ave, \u010fal\u0161ie s\u00fa v procese uzatv\u00e1rania.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Biomet\u00e1n m\u00f4\u017ee nahradi\u0165 \u010das\u0165 fos\u00edlneho plynu z Ruska. Foto: Stefan Dinse\/ iStock
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Slovensk\u00fd biomet\u00e1n kon\u010d\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Slovensko chce pod\u013ea ministerstva hospod\u00e1rstva do roku 2030 produkova\u0165 300 mili\u00f3nov m3 biomet\u00e1nu ro\u010dne, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 6 % s\u00fa\u010dasnej spotreby zemn\u00e9ho plynu. Moment\u00e1lne v\u0161ak slovensk\u00fd biomet\u00e1n smeruje hlavne do zahrani\u010dia<\/a>. Pod\u013ea Rotha sa z\u00e1ruky, teda doklady o tom, \u017ee plyn bol vyroben\u00fd z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov, od n\u00e1s exportuj\u00fa hlavne do nemeck\u00e9ho registra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Biomet\u00e1n skupuj\u00fa dod\u00e1vatelia, ktor\u00fdm eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva ur\u010duje povinn\u00fd podiel biozlo\u017eky v plynn\u00fdch paliv\u00e1ch, ako vysvetlil Jergu\u0161 Vop\u00e1lensk\u00fd z SPP-distrib\u00facia v podcaste Otvorene o plyne<\/a>. Za nesplnenie im hrozia vysok\u00e9 pokuty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Svoje dekarboniza\u010dn\u00e9 ESG ciele maj\u00fa pod\u013ea neho aj nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9 firmy, ktor\u00e9 taktie\u017e maj\u00fa z\u00e1ujem o zelen\u00fd plyn. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom s\u00fa napr\u00edklad tepl\u00e1rne. Tie musia zvy\u0161ova\u0165 podiel obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie. Ak doteraz spa\u013eovali zemn\u00fd plyn, ozeleni\u0165 ho m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdmenou jeho \u010dasti za biomet\u00e1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea Rotha sa minul\u00fd rok na Slovensku uplatnili z\u00e1ruky v sektore pal\u00edv v doprave. V minulosti, e\u0161te pred spusten\u00edm registra, to bol sektor v\u00fdroby tepla a chladu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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14. J\u00daN 2024<\/p>\n
Text: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nFotografie: Marek Vel\u010dek, Stefan Dinse\/ iStock, steve631\/ iStock, CreativeNature_nl\/ iStock, Scharfsinn86\/ iStock<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Partneri<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Toto opatrenie je spolufinancovan\u00e9 Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tento projekt bol financovan\u00fd za podpory Eur\u00f3pskej komisie. Tento obsah odr\u00e1\u017ea v\u00fdlu\u010dne n\u00e1zory autorov a\u00a0Eur\u00f3pska komisia nenesie \u017eiadnu zodpovednos\u0165 za pou\u017eitie obsiahnut\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n
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