{"id":22691,"date":"2025-05-03T21:02:44","date_gmt":"2025-05-03T19:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=22691"},"modified":"2026-05-21T18:37:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T16:37:36","slug":"geneticky-modifikovane-plodiny-kluc-k-potravinovej-bezpecnosti-alebo-riziko-ktore-nechceme-vidiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/geneticky-modifikovane-plodiny-kluc-k-potravinovej-bezpecnosti-alebo-riziko-ktore-nechceme-vidiet\/","title":{"rendered":"GMO plodiny – k\u013e\u00fa\u010d k potravinovej bezpe\u010dnosti, alebo prehliadan\u00e9 riziko?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ako spotrebitelia sa pri k\u00fape bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch schv\u00e1len\u00fdch potrav\u00edn rozhodujeme aj v s\u00favislosti s kvalitou produktov, \u010do nie je jedno a to ist\u00e9. Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sledova\u0165 ozna\u010denia na etiket\u00e1ch potrav\u00edn a vybera\u0165 si najvy\u0161\u0161iu dostupn\u00fa kvalitu, \u010do je z h\u013eadiska spotreby vysoko individu\u00e1lna z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165, odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faca nielen ekonomick\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu, ale aj \u00farove\u0148 potravinovej gramotnosti. Ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 foto: Pexels
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T\u00e9ma GMO (geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 organizmy) patr\u00ed medzi najdiskutovanej\u0161ie t\u00e9my v modernom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve a potravin\u00e1rstve. V r\u00e1mci upev\u0148ovania potravinovej gramotnosti by sa ka\u017ed\u00fd uvedomel\u00fd spotrebite\u013e mal zauj\u00edma\u0165 o to, \u010do konzumuje a ak\u00fd to m\u00e1 dopad na zdravie aj \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. K\u00fdm \u010das\u0165 odbornej verejnosti tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee genetick\u00e1 modifik\u00e1cia v potravin\u00e1rstve dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9m s narastaj\u00facou popul\u00e1ciou a adapt\u00e1ciou na klimatick\u00e9 zmeny, in\u00ed varuj\u00fa pred potenci\u00e1lnymi dlhodob\u00fdmi rizikami na zdravie a \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Anetta Vacul\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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\u2022 Autorka je lektorka kreat\u00edvneho vzdel\u00e1vania o jedle, od roku 2013 je ambas\u00e1dorkou Jamieho Olivera na Slovensku v projekte Food Revolution a od roku 2020 aj ambas\u00e1dorkou celosvetov\u00e9ho hnutia Slow Food. 

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Kto mus\u00ed ozna\u010dova\u0165 GMO? <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
S n\u00e1stupom priemyselnej revol\u00facie a nesk\u00f4r s rozkvetom genetick\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva v 90. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia sa rozsah pon\u00fakan\u00fdch plod\u00edn a potrav\u00edn s vyu\u017eit\u00edm genetickej modifik\u00e1cie na komer\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely rozr\u00e1stol v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch sveta, zatia\u013e \u010do v in\u00fdch s\u00fa st\u00e1le pr\u00edsne regulovan\u00e9 alebo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9. GMO plodiny sa dnes pestuj\u00fa na mili\u00f3noch hekt\u00e1rov p\u00f4dy, najm\u00e4 v USA, kde aj bola uveden\u00e1 na trh prv\u00e1 komer\u010dne pestovan\u00e1 geneticky modifikovan\u00e1 plodina \u2013 paradajka Flavr Savr, v Braz\u00edlii, Argent\u00edne, Kanade, Indii a v \u010c\u00edne. V t\u00fdchto krajin\u00e1ch s\u00fa GMO be\u017ene povolen\u00e9 a roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9, pri\u010dom naj\u010dastej\u0161ie GMO plodiny zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa s\u00f3ju, kukuricu a bavlnu. Ozna\u010denie GMO potrav\u00edn je v USA povinn\u00e9 \u2013 upravuje ho feder\u00e1lny z\u00e1kon, ktor\u00fd vst\u00fapil do platnosti v roku 2022, ale menej striktne ako v E\u00da (pou\u017e\u00edva sa ozna\u010denie \u201eBioengineered Food\u201d alebo \u201eContains a Bioengineered Food Ingredient\u201c, QR k\u00f3dy, pr\u00edpadne symbolom alebo elektronick\u00fd k\u00f3d). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Problematick\u00e9 je najm\u00e4 to, \u017ee povinnos\u0165 ozna\u010dovania sa nevz\u0165ahuje na viacer\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie potrav\u00edn: vysoko spracovan\u00e9 produkty ako rafinovan\u00e9 oleje \u010di cukor z GMO plod\u00edn, kde u\u017e genetick\u00e1 modifik\u00e1cia nie je detekovate\u013en\u00e1; jedl\u00e1 pod\u00e1van\u00e9 v re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch ur\u010den\u00e9 na priamu spotrebu; potraviny ne\u00famyselne kontaminovan\u00e9 GMO, ak obsahuj\u00fa do 5 % ne\u00famyselne pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch GMO v ka\u017edej zlo\u017eke; a tie\u017e na mal\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov potrav\u00edn s ro\u010dn\u00fdmi tr\u017ebami do 2,5 mili\u00f3na dol\u00e1rov. Ak chce ma\u0165 konzument (spotrebite\u013e) istotu v tom, \u010do kupuje, je potrebn\u00e9 vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1cie na obaloch potrav\u00edn, ako napr\u00edklad organick\u00e9 produkty alebo \u201eNon-GMO Project Verified\u201d, alebo sa p\u00fdta\u0165 na p\u00f4vod potrav\u00edn. (Zdroj: USDA<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010co krajina, to trochu in\u00fd pr\u00edstup \u2013 Japonsko a Austr\u00e1lia maj\u00fa stredne pr\u00edsne regul\u00e1cie a povinn\u00e9 ozna\u010dovanie, zatia\u013e \u010do Afrika a Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika maj\u00fa rozdielne pr\u00edstupy \u2013 niektor\u00e9 krajiny ako Juhoafrick\u00e1 republika, akt\u00edvne pestuj\u00fa GMO, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 ich zakazuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Ilustr\u00e1cia: ChatGPT
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V posledn\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och sa celosvetov\u00e1 konverz\u00e1cia o geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizmoch (GMO) zintenz\u00edvnila s rast\u00facou priepas\u0165ou medzi regi\u00f3nmi ako Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika a Pakistan, ktor\u00e9 pestovanie GMO zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa, a t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00e9 to odmietaj\u00fa, ako napr\u00edklad Ke\u0148a a Filip\u00edny. V Eur\u00f3pe vyvolal tlak na deregul\u00e1ciu legislat\u00edvy GMO obavy z riz\u00edk pre ekologick\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a straty pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed na podporu udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch agroekologick\u00fdch postupov. Medzit\u00fdm krajiny ako Mexiko zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa r\u00e1zne postoje proti GMO, pri\u010dom zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa potrebu glob\u00e1lneho potravinov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd uprednost\u0148uje biodiverzitu, zdravie ekosyst\u00e9mov a odolnos\u0165 komunity pred ziskami nadn\u00e1rodn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. (Zdroj: Slow Food International<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Najbe\u017enej\u0161ie GMO plodiny vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v agrosektore s\u00fa v\u0161eobecne s\u00f3ja, kukurica, bavlna, repka olejn\u00e1 (kanola), cukrov\u00e1 repa a v niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch aj pap\u00e1ja, cuketa a bakla\u017e\u00e1n. Okrem plod\u00edn sa v\u0161ak genetick\u00e9 in\u017einierstvo vyu\u017e\u00edva aj v mikroorganizmoch na produkciu potravin\u00e1rskych zlo\u017eiek, ako s\u00fa enz\u00fdmy, vitam\u00edny alebo pr\u00edsady v potravin\u00e1rskom priemysle. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina GMO, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa povolen\u00e9 v E\u00da, sa pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu krmiva pre hospod\u00e1rske zvierat\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
GMO argumenty pre a proti<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 foto: Pixabay
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GMO potraviny s\u00fa produkty vyroben\u00e9 z organizmov, ktor\u00fdch DNA bola upraven\u00e1 genetick\u00fdm in\u017einierstvom, aby mali \u0161pecifick\u00e9 vlastnosti. GMO sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00farodnosti, odolnosti vo\u010di chorob\u00e1m a \u0161kodcom, toleranciu na herbic\u00eddy, zlep\u0161enie trvanlivosti alebo na obohatenie v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t plod\u00edn. To v\u0161etko vedie k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdnosom, samozrejme aj ekonomick\u00fdm. Tento pr\u00edstup v\u0161ak so sebou pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov prin\u00e1\u0161a aj r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Existuj\u00fa ekonomick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1lne obavy, preto\u017ee hoci GMO plodiny m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 lacnej\u0161ie na pestovanie, pr\u00edstup k nim \u010dasto kontroluj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 korpor\u00e1cie. Tie si \u010dasto patentuj\u00fa svoje odrody (napr\u00edklad Monsanto, dnes s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Bayeru), \u010do vedie k monopoliz\u00e1cii trhu a z\u00e1vislosti farm\u00e1rov. Tento trend m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 k soci\u00e1lnej nerovnosti a \u00fabytku tradi\u010dn\u00fdch foriem hospod\u00e1renia, \u010do najviac ohrozuje mal\u00e9 a ekologick\u00e9 farmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ekologick\u00e9 obavy patr\u00ed strata biodiverzity. GMO plodiny toti\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu vytl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 a p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 odrody rastl\u00edn, \u010d\u00edm zni\u017euj\u00fa genetick\u00fa rozmanitos\u0165 be\u017ene sa vyskytuj\u00facu v pr\u00edrode. A ak sa geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 rastliny roz\u0161\u00edria do vo\u013enej pr\u00edrody, m\u00f4\u017eu sa kr\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 s div\u00fdmi rastlinami a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ekologick\u00e9 zmeny. Ide v\u0161ak o dlhodob\u00fd horizont, a preto odpove\u010f na tak\u00e9to obavy nepozn\u00e1me. Odolnos\u0165 \u0161kodcov a bur\u00edn je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm rizikov\u00fdm faktorom, ke\u010f dlhodob\u00e9 pestovanie GMO plod\u00edn odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di herbic\u00eddom (napr\u00edklad \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd glyfos\u00e1t) a pestic\u00eddom m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k vzniku superbur\u00edn alebo super\u0161kodcov, ktor\u00ed sa stan\u00fa im\u00fannymi vo\u010di tak\u00fdmto pr\u00edpravkom. To by z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska tie\u017e mohlo ovplyvni\u0165 produkciu a aj stav \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 dopad na stav p\u00f4dy, vody a zdravie \u013eud\u00ed v okol\u00ed miesta produkcie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neposledn\u00fdm v rade riz\u00edk s\u00fa tie zdravotn\u00e9. Vlo\u017eenie g\u00e9nov z jedn\u00e9ho organizmu do druh\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 nov\u00e9 prote\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 by mohli sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 alergick\u00e9 reakcie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 kritici upozor\u0148uj\u00fa na fakt, \u017ee dlhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky konzum\u00e1cie GMO potrav\u00edn na zdravie nie s\u00fa \u00faplne zn\u00e1me, preto\u017ee tieto technol\u00f3gie s\u00fa relat\u00edvne nov\u00e9 a zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa potrebu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia maj\u00fa na to aj etick\u00e9 \u010di kult\u00farne d\u00f4vody, najm\u00e4 ak ide o genetick\u00e9 \u00fapravy manipuluj\u00face s g\u00e9nmi zvierat, \u010do vyvol\u00e1va obavy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa d\u00f4stojn\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch podmienok zvierat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kvalitn\u00e9 nerovn\u00e1 sa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u013ea vedeck\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed, ako s\u00fa EFSA a WHO, s\u00fa schv\u00e1len\u00e9 GMO potraviny pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 na konzum\u00e1ciu a \u010do je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, nesp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa \u017eiadne zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pri be\u017enej konzum\u00e1cii. V Eur\u00f3pe mus\u00ed pred schv\u00e1len\u00edm ka\u017ed\u00e9 GMO prejs\u0165 komplexn\u00fdm hodnoten\u00edm Eur\u00f3pskeho \u00faradu pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 potrav\u00edn (EFSA). No v E\u00da predsa len existuje nieko\u013eko organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed a skup\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 vystupuj\u00fa proti geneticky modifikovan\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m (GMO) a s\u00fa akt\u00edvnymi kritikmi, ved\u00facimi kampane proti ich zav\u00e1dzaniu. Zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa napr\u00edklad mimovl\u00e1dne organiz\u00e1cie (ex. Greenpeace, Slow Food Europe, GM freeze), politick\u00e9 strany a hnutia (Zelen\u00ed\/Eur\u00f3pska slobodn\u00e1 aliancia, socialistick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1lne hnutia), aj niektor\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty E\u00da (Franc\u00fazsko, Nemecko, Rak\u00fasko, Ma\u010farsko a Gr\u00e9cko). Na stranu opatrnosti sa prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj vedci z ENSSER (European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility), ktor\u00ed sa kriticky zaoberaj\u00fa vplyvom nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, pri\u010dom zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa potrebu d\u00f4kladn\u00e9ho hodnotenia riz\u00edk a \u010fal\u0161ieho v\u00fdskumu pred ich \u0161irok\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm. Stanovisk\u00e1 ENSSER s\u00fa v\u0161ak men\u0161inov\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci vedeckej komunity, preto je vhodn\u00e9 porovn\u00e1va\u0165 argumenty vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fdch subjektov s ofici\u00e1lnymi stanoviskami organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed ako IFOAM, EFSA v E\u00da, svetov\u00e1 zdravotn\u00edcka organiz\u00e1cia WHO a FAO, \u010di FDA a USDA v USA. V\u0161eobecne sa v\u0161ak ich argumenty zameriavaj\u00fa na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, zdravia spotrebite\u013eov, biodiverzity a etick\u00fdch princ\u00edpov. Ich cie\u013eom je podporova\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00e9, ekologick\u00e9 a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aktu\u00e1lne s\u00fa v legislat\u00edvnej diskusii nov\u00e9 genomick\u00e9 techniky NGT (New Genomic Techniques), ako napr\u00edklad CRISPR, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa presnej\u0161ie \u00fapravy DNA bez nutnosti vn\u00e1\u0161ania cudz\u00edch g\u00e9nov, pri\u010dom E\u00da zva\u017euje miernej\u0161iu regul\u00e1ciu pre tieto technol\u00f3gie a zva\u017euje sa ich \u0161ir\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie a ve\u013ek\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pre oblas\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a biotechnol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e1 sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 GMO potravin\u00e1m?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Napriek tomu, \u017ee s\u00fa schv\u00e1len\u00e9 GMO produkty bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, s\u00fa skupiny spotrebite\u013eov preferuj\u00facich potraviny vyprodukovan\u00e9 prirodzen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Ako sa v pr\u00edpade z\u00e1ujmu dok\u00e1\u017eeme GMO konzum\u00e1cii v potravin\u00e1ch vyhn\u00fa\u0165? Odpove\u010fou je d\u00f4sledn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie etikiet a napr\u00edklad aj ekologick\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, preto\u017ee GMO je v ekologickej v\u00fdrobe zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, biopotraviny musia by\u0165 teda \u00faplne bez GMO. Ako uv\u00e1dza USDA, organick\u00ed farm\u00e1ri s\u00fa povinn\u00ed dodr\u017eiava\u0165 met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 \u201epodporuj\u00fa ekologick\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu, udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa a zlep\u0161uj\u00fa kvalitu p\u00f4dy aj vody, minimalizuj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvanie syntetick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa biodiverzitu\u201c (zdroj: USDA<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Probl\u00e9mom v s\u00favislosti s GMO a ekologick\u00fdmi praktikami v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve je mo\u017en\u00e1 a ne\u00famyseln\u00e1 kontamin\u00e1cia, preto\u017ee vetern\u00e9 ope\u013eovanie alebo zmie\u0161anie plod\u00edn po\u010das prepravy m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k ne\u00famyselnej kontamin\u00e1cii organick\u00fdch alebo teda ne-GMO pol\u00ed. To ohrozuje certifik\u00e1ciu biopotrav\u00edn a pestovate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eia vyhn\u00fa\u0165 GMO a vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby produkcie potrav\u00edn.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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           Zber kukurice.  Ilustra\u010dn\u00e9 foto: Pixabay
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Spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va v E\u00da v s\u00favislosti s GMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ochrana eur\u00f3pskeho spotrebite\u013ea m\u00e1 siln\u00fa poz\u00edciu, v\u010faka \u010domu maj\u00fa konzumenti pr\u00edsne chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, vr\u00e1tane povinn\u00e9ho ozna\u010dovania GMO potrav\u00edn. Ka\u017ed\u00fd GMO produkt mus\u00ed prejs\u0165 d\u00f4kladn\u00fdm hodnoten\u00edm bezpe\u010dnosti pred schv\u00e1len\u00edm na pestovanie alebo predaj. V E\u00da je povolen\u00fd len mal\u00fd po\u010det GMO plod\u00edn na pestovanie (napr\u00edklad MON810 \u2013 kukurica). \u010eal\u0161ie, pr\u00edsne regulovan\u00e9 s\u00fa povolen\u00e9 na import a spracovanie. Oproti USA s\u00fa na trhu desiatky GMO plod\u00edn povolen\u00fdch na pestovanie a konzum\u00e1ciu. V niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch (napr. Franc\u00fazsko, Nemecko) je pestovanie GMO \u00faplne zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, aj ke\u010f s\u00fa tak\u00e9to postupy schv\u00e1len\u00e9 na \u00farovni E\u00da. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty E\u00da v\u0161ak maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo rozhodova\u0165 o tom, \u010di umo\u017enia pestovanie GMO plod\u00edn na svojom \u00fazem\u00ed. Tento pr\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotliv\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m vyu\u017ei\u0165 mechanizmus \u201eopt-out\u201c, ktor\u00fd im umo\u017e\u0148uje zak\u00e1za\u0165 pestovanie geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch plod\u00edn aj v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee s\u00fa na \u00farovni E\u00da schv\u00e1len\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva zav\u00e4zuje v\u00fdrobcov potrav\u00edn a krmiva, aby na svojich v\u00fdrobkoch ozna\u010dovali obsah GMO (v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee GMO predstavuj\u00fa viac ako 0,9 % dan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku). Tieto predpisy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou legislat\u00edvy E\u00da na ochranu spotrebite\u013eov, sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa aj dovozu produktov obsahuj\u00facich deriv\u00e1ty z GMO, ako napr\u00edklad s\u00f3jov\u00fd olej \u010di cukor. V pr\u00edpade \u017ee v\u00fdrobok neobsahuje \u017eiadne GMO, v\u00fdrobcovia to taktie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu (ale nemusia) uvies\u0165 na obale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plat\u00ed tu pravidlo, \u017ee tretie krajiny musia pri importe svojich produktov alebo krmiva na trhy E\u00da sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky ako dom\u00e1ce subjekty, \u010do m\u00e1 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 transparentnos\u0165, vysledovate\u013enos\u0165 a kontrolu produktov v pr\u00edpade potreby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odpor proti GMO v E\u00da nie je len ot\u00e1zkou vedy, ale aj verejn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru, politiky, ochrany tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a environment\u00e1lnych princ\u00edpov. Organiz\u00e1cie proti GMO zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00ed legislat\u00edvy a verejnej mienky, pri\u010dom E\u00da st\u00e1le udr\u017eiava jedny z najpr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edch regul\u00e1ci\u00ed na svete, s cie\u013eom ochrany spotrebite\u013ea a zabezpe\u010denia verejn\u00e9ho zdravia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoci v\u00fdskumy zatia\u013e nepreuk\u00e1zali jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 schv\u00e1len\u00fdch GMO potrav\u00edn\/plod\u00edn, obavy pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa v s\u00favislosti so spom\u00ednan\u00fdmi dlhodob\u00fdmi ekologick\u00fdmi, ekonomick\u00fdmi a etick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami a potenci\u00e1lnym uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00edm opatren\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Genetick\u00e1 modifik\u00e1cia potrav\u00edn by v\u0161ak mohla pom\u00f4c\u0165 rie\u0161i\u0165 glob\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my ako hlad, klimatick\u00e9 zmeny a degrad\u00e1ciu p\u00f4dy, ale na\u010falej je potrebn\u00fd v\u00fdskum a d\u00f4sledn\u00e9 hodnotenie ich vplyvu na ekosyst\u00e9my a zdravie \u013eud\u00ed. A z\u00e1rove\u0148 by sme si my ako \u013eudstvo mali uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee aj ako jednotlivci dok\u00e1\u017eeme svoj\u00edm uvedomel\u00fd v\u00fdberom, ale rovnako aj uvedomelou spotrebou ve\u013ea ovplyvni\u0165. To, \u010di s\u00fa z\u00e1sahy genetick\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva do prirodzen\u00fdch procesov v pr\u00edrode a v\u00fdrobe na mieste, uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n
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3. M\u00c1J 2025<\/p>\n
Text: Anetta Vacul\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong>
\nIlustr\u00e1cie: <\/strong>Pexels, Pixabay, ChatGPT
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T\u00e9ma geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizmov patr\u00ed medzi najdiskutovanej\u0161ie v modernom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve a potravin\u00e1rstve. Z h\u013eadiska potravinovej gramotnosti by sa uvedomel\u00fd spotrebite\u013e mal zauj\u00edma\u0165 o to, \u010do konzumuje a ak\u00fd to m\u00e1 dopad na zdravie a \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. K\u00fdm \u010das\u0165 odbornej verejnosti tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee genetick\u00e1 modifik\u00e1cia v potravin\u00e1rstve dok\u00e1\u017ee vyrie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9m s narastaj\u00facou popul\u00e1ciou a adapt\u00e1ciou na klimatick\u00e9 zmeny, in\u00ed varuj\u00fa pred potenci\u00e1lnymi rizikami.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"autor":[410],"vydanie":[341],"partner":[],"class_list":["post-22691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene","autor-anetta-vaculikova","vydanie-cycle-up"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGMO plodiny - k\u013e\u00fa\u010d k potravinovej bezpe\u010dnosti, alebo prehliadan\u00e9 riziko? - CTZN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/geneticky-modifikovane-plodiny-kluc-k-potravinovej-bezpecnosti-alebo-riziko-ktore-nechceme-vidiet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GMO plodiny - k\u013e\u00fa\u010d k potravinovej bezpe\u010dnosti, alebo prehliadan\u00e9 riziko? - CTZN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e9ma geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizmov patr\u00ed medzi najdiskutovanej\u0161ie v modernom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve a potravin\u00e1rstve. 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