{"id":603,"date":"2021-09-01T17:00:20","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T15:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/?p=603"},"modified":"2026-05-20T14:42:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T12:42:16","slug":"uzemne-plany-proti-verejnemu-zaujmu-jednoduchsie-ako-vnutri-mesta-je-stavat-na-poli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctzn.punkt.sk\/en\/uzemne-plany-proti-verejnemu-zaujmu-jednoduchsie-ako-vnutri-mesta-je-stavat-na-poli\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny proti verejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1ujmu? Jednoduch\u0161ie ako vn\u00fatri mesta je stava\u0165 na\u00a0poli"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/mark><\/mark>Brownfield Fili\u00e1lka v\u00a0Bratislave: 14 hekt\u00e1rov v\u00a0lukrat\u00edvnom \u0161ir\u0161om centre je bez vyu\u017eitia, ak ner\u00e1tame ps\u00ed\u010dkarov a\u00a0pe\u0161\u00edch, ktor\u00fd si tadia\u013e skracuj\u00fa cestu. Foto: \u013dubo Baran<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Urbanisti, environmentalisti aj ekon\u00f3movia sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee nov\u00fa v\u00fdstavbu treba nasmerova\u0165 dovn\u00fatra miest namiesto pol\u00ed, l\u00fak a vin\u00edc v okol\u00ed. Je lep\u0161ie a ekologickej\u0161ie vyu\u017ei\u0165 brownfieldy, teda pr\u00e1zdne are\u00e1ly \u0161k\u00f4l, tov\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di skladov s existuj\u00facou infra\u0161trukt\u00farou. Ako ale n\u00e1js\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu mieru a sp\u00f4sob zahustenia? <\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Hlavn\u00e9 mesto v urbanistickej \u0161t\u00fadii identifikovalo 131 brownfieldov v zastavanom \u00fazem\u00ed mesta na ploche ve\u013ekej ako mestsk\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 Lama\u010d. Na fotke je jedna z autoriek a autorov \u0161t\u00fadie Magda \u010eurd\u00edkov\u00e1. Foto: \u013dubo Baran<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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V roku 2018 Institut pl\u00e1novan\u00ed a rozvoje Prahy a \u010cesk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed technick\u00e9 sk\u00famali<\/a>, ko\u013eko stoja metropolu nov\u00e9 \u0161tvrte s r\u00f4znou hustotou obyvate\u013estva. Odhadli n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdstavbu verejnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ako s\u00fa cesty, parky \u010di kanaliz\u00e1cia a n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu, ako napr\u00edklad kosenie \u010di upratovanie. Ako najlacnej\u0161ia v prepo\u010dte na obyvate\u013ea vy\u0161la blokov\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba. Ako najdrah\u0161ie sa uk\u00e1zali predmestia s mal\u00fdmi rodinn\u00fdmi domami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dev\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t red\u0161ie ob\u00fdvan\u00e9. Pomerne v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 boli aj modernistick\u00e9 s\u00eddlisk\u00e1. Vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu ich rozsiahlych verejn\u00fdch priestranstiev vyv\u00e1\u017eila vysok\u00e1 hustota obyvate\u013eov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V mest\u00e1ch je efekt\u00edvne, ak viac \u013eud\u00ed na men\u0161ej ploche zdie\u013ea verejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby a infra\u0161trukt\u00faru – od siet\u00ed, cez \u00fadr\u017ebu a\u017e po hromadn\u00fa dopravu. Roz\u0161irovanie miest do predmest\u00ed vedie k nar\u00fa\u0161aniu pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed a zaberaniu neobnovite\u013en\u00e9ho zdroja – po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy. Preto sa odborn\u00edci na mestsk\u00fd rozvoj zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee mest\u00e1 treba urbanizova\u0165 dovn\u00fatra. Parciel, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na to vhodn\u00e9, je dos\u0165, pri\u010dom \u010das\u0165 z nich tvoria brownfieldy – Bratislava napr\u00edklad identifikovala v zastavanom \u00fazem\u00ed 131 tak\u00fdchto are\u00e1lov o v\u00fdmere 629 hekt\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Stava\u0165 vn\u00fatri mesta je ekologickej\u0161ie, ale aj zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Revitaliz\u00e1cia brownfieldu m\u00e1 viacero v\u00fdhod, okrem o\u017eivenia zanedban\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu, ide aj o recykl\u00e1ciu v minulosti zastavanej plochy v prospech p\u00f4dy niekde na kraji mesta. Brownfieldy v mest\u00e1ch s\u00fa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a napojen\u00e9 na existuj\u00facu dopravn\u00fa a technick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, ktor\u00fa by bolo na zelen\u00fa l\u00faku treba dovies\u0165, \u010do je n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 na zdroje – finan\u010dn\u00e9 aj pr\u00edrodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pre developera je \u010dastokr\u00e1t jednoduch\u0161ie stava\u0165 na poli, ne\u017e vn\u00fatri mesta. Foto: Eva Benkov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Len\u017ee stava\u0165 v meste je podstatnej\u0161ie n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie. Investori chc\u00fa z pozemku vy\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 \u010do najviac, verejnos\u0165 sa boj\u00ed prehustenia, samospr\u00e1va m\u00e1 ustr\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 verejn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem v situ\u00e1cii, ke\u010f v\u00fdstavbu realizuje hlavne s\u00fakromn\u00fd sektor. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom na h\u013eadanie kompromisu medzi \u010dasto protichodn\u00fdmi z\u00e1ujmami je \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n – spolo\u010densk\u00e1, ale i politick\u00e1 dohoda o rozvoji \u00fazemia. \u00dazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny sa v\u0161ak v praxi jednoduch\u0161ie otv\u00e1raj\u00fa do pol\u00ed a o\u017eivenie brownfieldov z viacer\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov brzdia. Pre\u010do a ako sa to d\u00e1 zlep\u0161i\u0165? Rozpr\u00e1vali sme sa o tom s odborn\u00edkmi z viacer\u00fdch sf\u00e9r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Po\u010det obyvate\u013eov st\u00fapol minim\u00e1lne, zastavan\u00e1 plocha miest je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia o p\u00e4tinu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Od roku 1996 po\u010det obyvate\u013eov na Slovensku st\u00fapol o necel\u00e9 2%, ale zastavan\u00e1 plocha nar\u00e1stla a\u017e o vy\u0161e 20%. Mest\u00e1 a ich aglomer\u00e1cie ne\u00famerne rast\u00fa na \u00fakor po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy. Pod\u013ea urb\u00e1nneho geografa Martina \u0160vedu z Geografick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied sa to t\u00fdka v\u0161etk\u00fdch v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch miest na Slovensku: \u201eKrajsk\u00fdch ur\u010dite a mo\u017eno e\u0161te niektor\u00fdch vybran\u00fdch v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch miest ako Pie\u0161\u0165any.\u201c<\/em> Extenz\u00edvny rozvoj nie je len probl\u00e9mom miest samotn\u00fdch, ale aj okolit\u00fdch ded\u00edn. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom je, \u017ee miestni politici \u00fazemn\u00fdmi pl\u00e1nmi mas\u00edvnu v\u00fdstavbu nielen umo\u017enili, ale rezignovali na kvalitu. V\u00fdsledkom je s\u00eddeln\u00e1 ka\u0161a, teda monofunk\u010dn\u00e9 obytn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny bez \u0161k\u00f4l, \u0161k\u00f4lok \u010di obchodov, ktor\u00fdch obyvatelia denne doch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa za pr\u00e1cou a slu\u017ebami do mesta autom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pr\u00edklad monofunk\u010dn\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch z\u00f3n z Bernol\u00e1kova pri Bratislave. V\u00fdstavba vznik\u00e1 na poli, oddelene od p\u00f4vodnej obce. Zdroj: Google Earth<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Ako probl\u00e9m rie\u0161i\u0165? Pod\u013ea profesora priestorov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania zo Slovenskej technickej univerzity Maro\u0161a Finku by na \u00farovni \u0161t\u00e1tu pomohli opatrenia na ochranu nezastavan\u00e9ho priestoru. Obce v Nemecku maj\u00fa napr\u00edklad k dispoz\u00edcii kv\u00f3ty na zastavanie \u00fazemia. Ke\u010f ich nevyu\u017eij\u00fa, m\u00f4\u017eu ich preda\u0165 inej obci. Pod\u013ea \u0160vedu mus\u00ed na tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enia spolo\u010dnos\u0165 e\u0161te dozrie\u0165. \u201eAk\u00fdko\u013evek rozvoj sa vn\u00edma pau\u0161\u00e1lne ako pozit\u00edvna vec. Bez oh\u013eadu na n\u00e1sledky.\u201c<\/em><\/em> Dod\u00e1va, \u017ee suburbaniz\u00e1cia by sa dala lep\u0161ie usmerni\u0165, ak by ve\u013ek\u00e9 mest\u00e1 mali zadefinovan\u00e9 svoje metropolitn\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 administrat\u00edvne \u010dlenenie ich neodr\u00e1\u017ea a tak mest\u00e1 nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa na probl\u00e9m: ich \u017eivot sa nekon\u010d\u00ed hranicou ich katastrov, narozdiel od p\u00f4sobnosti ich \u00fazemn\u00fdch pl\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00dazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny neodr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa dopyt, menia sa, ale nekoncep\u010dne<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201eDok\u00fdm budeme m\u00f4c\u0165 zdevelopova\u0165 \u0161es\u0165 hekt\u00e1rov v r\u00e1mci vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho mesta, tak \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 60 hekt\u00e1rov mimo mesta sa postav\u00ed nanovo len za ten \u010das, k\u00fdm n\u00e1m zbehn\u00fa form\u00e1lne procesy,\u201c<\/em> odhaduje Filip Gulan z developerskej spolo\u010dnosti Corwin, ktor\u00e1 v Bratislave vlastn\u00ed are\u00e1l b\u00fdval\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu Palma. Chc\u00fa tam stava\u0165 funk\u010dne zmie\u0161an\u00fa \u0161tvr\u0165, vr\u00e1tane bytov, \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n tam ale st\u00e1le po\u010d\u00edta s priemyslom. Podali preto podnet na zmenu pl\u00e1nu. Je to pr\u00edklad \u0161ir\u0161ieho javu: \u00fazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na\u0161ich miest s\u00fa zastaran\u00e9. Ten bratislavsk\u00fd m\u00e1 14 rokov, ko\u0161ick\u00fd dokonca vy\u0161e <\/strong>40 rokov. Opusten\u00fdm \u00fazemiam \u010dasto pripisuj\u00fa funkciu, ktor\u00e1 u\u017e medzi\u010dasom nie je aktu\u00e1lna. Pod\u013ea Gulana m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 probl\u00e9mom aj to, ke\u010f ur\u010duj\u00fa nov\u00fa funkciu, po ktorej aktu\u00e1lne \u010di dlhodobo nie je dopyt. Z\u00e1kon s\u00edce hovor\u00ed, \u017ee obce maj\u00fa aspo\u0148 raz za \u0161tyri roky presk\u00fama\u0165, \u010di nie je potrebn\u00e9 pl\u00e1n zmeni\u0165 alebo doplni\u0165, ale v praxi to nie v\u017edy funguje. Zmeny sa niekde dej\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 \u013eahko alebo sa nekoncep\u010dne reaguje ad hoc na podnety developerov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Na mieste z\u00e1vodu Palma chce developer postavi\u0165 funk\u010dne zmie\u0161an\u00fa \u0161tvr\u0165. \u00dazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n tam zatia\u013e ale po\u010d\u00edta s v\u00fdrobou. Foto: \u013dubo Baran<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u00dazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n Bratislavy sa zase za posledn\u00fdch sedem rokov aktualizoval minim\u00e1lne. \u201eTakto sa mesto nem\u00f4\u017ee vyv\u00edja\u0165, \u017ee sa nerobia ani potrebn\u00e9, dobr\u00e9 zmeny alebo zmeny, ktor\u00fdmi by sa mohol z\u00edska\u0165 nejak\u00fd verejn\u00fd benefit,\u201c<\/em><\/em> mysl\u00ed si Boris Hrb\u00e1\u0148 z Imagine development a z\u00e1rove\u0148 splnomocnenec prim\u00e1tora Bratislavy pre n\u00e1jomn\u00e9 b\u00fdvanie. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 vedenie mesta preto avizovalo, \u017ee chce proces zmien a doplnkov \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu ur\u00fdchli\u0165, no zatia\u013e zaost\u00e1va za avizovan\u00fdm harmonogramom. V pl\u00e1ne je aj spom\u00ednan\u00e1 z\u00e1mena za verejn\u00fd benefit. Mesto by chcelo podmieni\u0165 \u00fapravu funk\u010dn\u00fdch pomerov v \u00fazemnom pl\u00e1ne v prospech v\u00fdstavby bytov v\u00fdmenou za to, \u017ee \u010das\u0165 z nich developeri poskytn\u00fa mestu na n\u00e1jomn\u00e9 b\u00fdvanie s regulovan\u00fdm n\u00e1jmom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aj pru\u017en\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n mus\u00ed chr\u00e1ni\u0165 verejn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nie je teda ni\u010d zl\u00e9 na tom, ke\u010f pl\u00e1ny treba zmeni\u0165. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee pri s\u00fa\u010dasnom modeli s\u00fa ods\u00faden\u00e9 na dobiehanie reality. \u201e\u00dazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa neust\u00e1le robenie zmien a doplnkov. Akon\u00e1hle pr\u00edde nejak\u00e1 nov\u00e1 po\u017eiadavka na vyu\u017eitie \u00fazemia, je automaticky konfrontovan\u00e1 s obsahom \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu, pri\u010dom nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v z\u00e1sadnom rozpore s koncepciou, ktor\u00fa fixuje \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n,\u201c<\/em><\/em><\/em> vysvet\u013euje Maro\u0161 Finka. Pre pr\u00edli\u0161 podrobn\u00fa regul\u00e1ciu konkr\u00e9tnych pl\u00f4ch sa ale o umiestnen\u00ed invest\u00edcie ned\u00e1 rozhodova\u0165 flexibilne. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ime dnes, s\u00fa aj d\u00f4sledkom neflexibility \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aj pod\u013ea Filipa Gulana by pomohla v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia pru\u017enos\u0165: \u201eNemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee pre udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd rozvoj mesta je cestou pr\u00edli\u0161 detailn\u00e1 regul\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 sa v \u010dase prisp\u00f4sobuje len \u0165a\u017eko. Mesto t\u00fdm str\u00e1ca n\u00e1stroj ako flexibilne reagova\u0165 na r\u00f4zne v\u00fdzvy. V \u010dase spracovania \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu bolo na\u0161e poznanie a verejn\u00e1 diskusia oh\u013eadom klimatickej kr\u00edzy, brownfieldov, podpore nemotorovej dopravy \u010di dostupnosti b\u00fdvania na \u00faplne inej \u00farovni, ako je dnes. Probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161ime dnes, s\u00fa aj d\u00f4sledkom neflexibility \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu.\u201c<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/mark><\/mark>Are\u00e1l technick\u00fdch slu\u017eieb na Bazovej ulici v Bratislave je vo vlastn\u00edctve mesta. Chce tu zrealizova\u0165 pilotn\u00fd projekt premeny brownfieldu na\u00a0nov\u00e9 susedstvo, s\u013eubuje tam aj mestsk\u00e9 n\u00e1jomn\u00e9 byty a\u00a0chce tu meni\u0165 \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n. Foto:\u00a0\u013dubo\u00a0Baran<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

O potrebe flexibility hovor\u00ed aj Martin Bere\u017en\u00fd, riadite\u013e sekcie \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania Metropolitn\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu Bratislavy (MIB), a poukazuje na pr\u00edklad s\u00fa\u010dasnej pand\u00e9mie. \u201ePravdepodobne bude men\u0161\u00ed dopyt po kancel\u00e1rskych priestoroch a v ur\u010ditom \u010dase to vygeneruje nejak\u00fa po\u017eiadavku, na ktor\u00fa bude musie\u0165 reagova\u0165 aj \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n.\u201c<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1 sa teda spravi\u0165 \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n tak, aby bol pru\u017enej\u0161\u00ed? Vie potom garantova\u0165, \u017ee vznikne aj to, \u010do sa investorom neoplat\u00ed, ale je vo verejnom z\u00e1ujme, ako \u0161k\u00f4lky \u010di parky? Je to mo\u017en\u00e9, ale treba ma\u0165 v\u00edziu pre mesto, trafi\u0165 mierku a vedie\u0165 vyjedn\u00e1va\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Celomestsk\u00fd pl\u00e1n nemus\u00ed by\u0165 podrobn\u00fd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V prvom rade treba prepoji\u0165 strategick\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie s t\u00fdm \u00fazemn\u00fdm. \u201eStrat\u00e9gia by mala definova\u0165 verejn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem a \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n by to mal premietnu\u0165 do \u00fazemia,\u201c<\/em><\/em><\/em> <\/em>hovor\u00ed profesor Finka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po druh\u00e9, celomestsk\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n m\u00e1 pod\u013ea neho jasne definova\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00fa v\u00edziu rozvoja mesta, intenzitu a v\u00fd\u0161ku z\u00e1stavby, ale nemal by mikromana\u017eova\u0165, ako je to dnes. Detaily m\u00f4\u017eu rie\u0161i\u0165 podrobnej\u0161ie regula\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny alebo pl\u00e1ny z\u00f3n. Tie by napr\u00edklad v Bratislave mohli by\u0165 v kompetenci\u00ed mestsk\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed. \u201eV pr\u00edpade, \u017ee by bolo treba flexibilitu, \u010di\u017ee zmenu bez ovplyvnenia princ\u00edpov rozvoja mesta ako celku, tak by sa diala nie na \u00farovni celej Bratislavy, ale na \u00farovni mestsk\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed,\u201d uv\u00e1dza Maro\u0161 Finka.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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<\/mark><\/mark>Jurajov dvor v\u00a0Bratislave bol p\u00f4vodne majer, ktor\u00fd patril pod chemick\u00e9 z\u00e1vody Dynamit-Nobel. Je to jeden z\u00a0are\u00e1lov, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0urbanistickej \u0161t\u00fadii o\u00a0bratislavsk\u00fdch brownfieldoch vytipovali na zmenu \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu. Foto:\u00a0Matej\u00a0Hak\u00e1r<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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A t\u00fdmto smerom chc\u00fa \u00eds\u0165 aj v Bratislave, kde sa za\u010d\u00edna pracova\u0165 na novom \u00fazemnom pl\u00e1ne. \u201eTreba poveda\u0165, \u017ee na to, aby syst\u00e9m podrobnej\u0161\u00edch zon\u00e1lnych regul\u00e1ci\u00ed fungoval, ve\u013ea \u00fazem\u00ed treba e\u0161te do\u0161tudova\u0165 a spracova\u0165 \u00fazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny z\u00f3n alebo regula\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny a to potrv\u00e1 nejak\u00fd \u010das,\u201c<\/em> vysvet\u013euje Martin Bere\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z hlavn\u00fdch t\u00e9m nov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu bude pod\u013ea neho pr\u00e1ve vyu\u017eitie brownfieldov a skompaktnenie mesta namiesto rozp\u00ednania do okolitej krajiny. <\/em>Pr\u00edprava nov\u00e9ho celomestsk\u00e9ho dokumentu v\u0161ak potrv\u00e1 roky. Spru\u017eni\u0165 pr\u00edstup k brownfieldom chc\u00fa u\u017e sk\u00f4r. Do aktu\u00e1lne platn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu chc\u00fa zavies\u0165 pojem \u201etransforma\u010dn\u00e1 plocha\u201d. Mesto sa im vraj bude venova\u0165 prioritne. Najprv sa na\u0161tuduj\u00fa formou urbanistick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed a na ich podklade sa m\u00f4\u017ee schv\u00e1li\u0165 z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 regul\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rola \u00faradn\u00edkov pri dohod\u00e1ch s developermi by mala by\u0165 akt\u00edvna<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4\u017ee ale flexibilnej\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1n dostato\u010dne chr\u00e1ni\u0165 verejn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem? Boris Hrb\u00e1\u0148 si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee sa to d\u00e1: \u201eViete to robi\u0165 len vtedy, ke\u010f k tomu prist\u00fapite akt\u00edvne. Ke\u010f pl\u00e1nova\u010di bud\u00fa s developermi face-to face o projektoch rokova\u0165. \u201d <\/em>Podobne to vid\u00ed aj Vikt\u00f3ria Mrav\u010d\u00e1kov\u00e1, \u010dlenka ko\u0161ick\u00e9ho kolekt\u00edvu Spolka, ktor\u00fd sa venuje mestsk\u00fdm t\u00e9mam. Pod\u013ea nej \u00faradn\u00edci \u010dasto \u201enemaj\u00fa definovan\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky a \u010dakaj\u00fa, \u017ee to za nich sprav\u00ed developer.\u201d<\/em> Siln\u00e9 mesto pod\u013ea nej nemus\u00ed ma\u0165 pl\u00e1n detailn\u00fd. Konkr\u00e9tnosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu rie\u0161i\u0165 urbanistickou \u0161t\u00fadiou, ktorou sa napr\u00edklad v pl\u00e1ne podmieni vyu\u017eitie brownfieldu ako tak\u00e9ho. Mesto ale mus\u00ed do rokovania vst\u00fapi\u0165 s v\u00edziou podlo\u017eenou d\u00e1tami a podrobn\u00fdm mapovan\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siln\u00e9 mesto nemus\u00ed ma\u0165 pl\u00e1n detailn\u00fd. Konkr\u00e9tnosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu rie\u0161i\u0165 urbanistickou \u0161t\u00fadiou, ktorou sa napr\u00edklad v pl\u00e1ne podmieni vyu\u017eitie brownfieldu ako tak\u00e9ho.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aj pod\u013ea Martina Bere\u017en\u00e9ho z MIB je pre presadzovanie verejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 urbanistick\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia, ktorou treba preveri\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161ie \u00fazemie. Sl\u00fa\u017ei ako podklad pri zmene \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu alebo pri pr\u00edprave pl\u00e1nu z\u00f3ny. Jej obsah a rozsah sa ur\u010duje v zadan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 schva\u013euje pod\u013ea z\u00e1kona mesto. <\/em>\u201eJe d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aby vznikla dohoda medzi mestom a s\u00fakromn\u00fdm investorom u\u017e pri tvorbe zadania,<\/em>\u201d uv\u00e1dza Bere\u017en\u00fd a vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee po\u017eiadavky mesta vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa jednak z pr\u00e1vne nez\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fdch dokumentov ako je strat\u00e9gia adapt\u00e1cie na zmenu kl\u00edmy a aj priamo z \u00fazemn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu: \u201eAk men\u00edme funk\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie lokality, alebo sa rie\u0161i nov\u00e1 z\u00f3na, tak z navrhovanej intenzity z\u00e1stavby  vznikn\u00fa na z\u00e1klade metodiky n\u00e1roky na \u0161kolstvo, zdravotn\u00e9 zariadenia, slu\u017eby, parkov\u00fa zele\u0148, dopravu…\u201d<\/em> Mesto vie takto miesto pre \u0161kolu rezervova\u0165, aby sa nezastavalo. Samotn\u00fa v\u00fdstavbu bude raz musie\u0165 pod\u013ea Bere\u017en\u00e9ho ale rie\u0161i\u0165 samospr\u00e1va alebo sa bude musie\u0165 dohodn\u00fa\u0165 na spolupr\u00e1ci s investorom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Budova v strede je roky ch\u00e1traj\u00faci skelet b\u00fdval\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho domu z 80. rokov v bratislavskom Ru\u017einove. S\u00fakromn\u00fd developer ho pl\u00e1nuje zb\u00fara\u0165 a postavi\u0165 tam polyfunk\u010dn\u00fd blok. Foto: Matej Hak\u00e1r<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Priestor na rokovanie je pod\u013ea neho aj pri vyd\u00e1van\u00ed z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fdch stanov\u00edsk o s\u00falade pl\u00e1novanej v\u00fdstavby s \u00fazemn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nom. Tie mesto poskytuje v \u00fazemn\u00fdch konaniach, ke\u010f sa rozhoduje o umiesten\u00ed stavby e\u0161te pred samotn\u00fdm stavebn\u00fdm konan\u00edm.  Mesto m\u00f4\u017ee pri stanovisk\u00e1ch vych\u00e1dza\u0165 len zo z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00fdch regulat\u00edvov, ktor\u00e9 napr\u00edklad ur\u010duj\u00fa podiel zelene \u010di mieru zastavania plochy. Len\u017ee pl\u00e1n sa nevenuje v\u0161etk\u00fdm t\u00e9mam, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z poh\u013eadu verejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9: <\/em>\u201eNapr\u00edklad nehovor\u00ed o tom, ako bude rie\u0161en\u00fd verejn\u00fd priestor vo vn\u00fatrobloku, ak\u00e9 bude prepojenie pe\u0161\u00edch tr\u00e1s, podiel vodopriepustn\u00fdch povrchov a podobne. A vtedy prich\u00e1dza na rad komunik\u00e1cia s investormi.\u201d  <\/em>Okrem spom\u00ednanej klimatickej strat\u00e9gie im pri tom pom\u00e1ha napr\u00edklad manu\u00e1l verejn\u00fdch priestorov, ktor\u00fd vznikol na MIB. Situ\u00e1cia sa vraj zlep\u0161uje a s developermi sa d\u00e1 dohodn\u00fa\u0165 aj na tak\u00fdchto m\u00e4kk\u00fdch opatreniach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nielen regul\u00e1cia, ale aj \u0161pekul\u00e1cie \u010di enviroz\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00dazemn\u00fd <\/em>pl\u00e1n nem\u00e1 dosah na v\u0161etky v\u00fdzvy udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9ho rozvoja. Napr\u00edklad, nem\u00e1 ako obmedzi\u0165 \u0161pekul\u00e1cie, kedy vlastn\u00edk profituje z rastu ceny pozemku a nedevelopuje ho, \u010do zvy\u0161uje tlak na rozrastanie s\u00eddla do \u0161\u00edrky. Pod\u013ea Finku to v Rak\u00fasku rie\u0161ia dvojako. Po ur\u010ditom \u010dase takto dr\u017ean\u00e9  pozemky zda\u0148uj\u00fa ako by boli vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pre \u00fazemn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nom definovan\u00fa funkciu a investor mus\u00ed plati\u0165 aj za infra\u0161trukt\u00faru dostupn\u00fa v danej lokalite, akoby ju vyu\u017e\u00edval. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom je to, \u017ee \u010das\u0165 brownfieldov je za\u0165a\u017een\u00e1 siln\u00fdm zne\u010disten\u00edm po v\u00fdrobe. Pod\u013ea Hrb\u00e1\u0148a v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch musia spoji\u0165 sily vlastn\u00edk, mesto aj \u0161t\u00e1t, lebo trh si s t\u00fdm s\u00e1m neporad\u00ed. <\/em>Vyu\u017eitie opusten\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed vn\u00fatri mesta blokuje aj mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch bari\u00e9r. Flexibiln\u00fd \u00fazemn\u00fd pl\u00e1n, ktor\u00fd vyva\u017euje s\u00fakromn\u00e9 a verejn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy je preto s\u00edce z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm predpokladom optim\u00e1lneho zahustenia mesta, ale osloven\u00ed odborn\u00edci zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ho treba doplni\u0165 aj o \u010fal\u0161ie n\u00e1stroje a rie\u0161enia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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13. SEPTEMBER 2021<\/p>\n

Text: Pavla L\u00e9nyiov\u00e1<\/a><\/strong>
\nFotografie: \u013dubo Baran, Eva Benkov\u00e1 a\u00a0Matej Hak\u00e1r<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T\u00e9ma prv\u00e9ho vydania vznikla v spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0ob\u010dianskym zdru\u017een\u00edm Spiace miesta<\/p>\n

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Hlavn\u00fd partner vydania Spiace miesta<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Partneri vydania Spiace miesta<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\" \u00a0\"\"\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\"\" \u00a0\"\"\u00a0 \"\"\"Ve\u013evyslanectvo<\/p>\n

Medi\u00e1lni partneri vydania Spiace miesta<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\" \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Urbanisti, environmentalisti aj ekon\u00f3movia sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee nov\u00fa v\u00fdstavbu treba nasmerova\u0165 dovn\u00fatra miest namiesto pol\u00ed, l\u00fak a vin\u00edc.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":3930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":9,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"autor":[350],"vydanie":[346],"partner":[],"class_list":["post-603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene","autor-pavla-lenyiova","vydanie-brownfields-a-ich-vplyv-na-mesto"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00dazemn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny proti verejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1ujmu? 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